Mitigate human-wildlife conflict in China

doi:10.1126/science.abj8766

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abj8766
	Mitigate human-wildlife conflict in China
	Duo Yin; Zhenjie Yuan; Jie Li; Hong Zhu
	2021-07-30
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Since passing a wildlife protection law in 1989, China has made great strides in wildlife conservation ([ 1 ][1]). Protection in natural habitats, conservation in zoos, and release of captive wildlife back into nature have all facilitated the population growth of species such as the Siberian tiger ( Panthera tigris ssp. altaica ) and Amur leopard ( Panthera pardus orientalis ) ([ 2 ][2]). These animals, in search of additional food and space, enter areas developed by humans, leading to human-wildlife conflicts ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). From the late 1990s through 2010, there were more than 6000 cases of compensation for wildlife damage nationwide ([ 5 ][5]). Yet, local populations and governments remain unprepared to deal with wildlife in populated areas. Since March, 2020, a herd of wild Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus )—an endangered species that originally inhabited the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in Yunnan's southernmost prefecture—has been on the move, causing great damage to human interests and attracting international attention ([ 6 ][6]). Other large endangered wildlife, such as the gray wolf ( Canis lupus ), the Tibetan brown bear ( Ursus arctos pruinosus ), and the snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ), have also frequently left their established habitats and appeared in China's urban and rural areas in recent years ([ 7 ][7]–[ 9 ][8]). In response, local governments have enacted temporary emergency plans and evacuations and, in some cases, rounded up or hunted the animals ([ 10 ][9]). These measures threaten the safety and property of local residents and cause irreparable damage to wildlife ([ 11 ][10]). Instead, China should build on previous successes in ecological restoration and environmental governance. For example, the 13th Five-Year Plan included an ecological monitoring system based on community participation and an intelligent early warning platform that effectively protected 90% of the country's plants and 85% of its wild animals ([ 12 ][11]). To protect both humans and wildlife, local governments should invest in additional wildlife monitoring and biological diversity research. In addition, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration should provide the public with information about how to behave when confronted with wild animals, emphasizing the need to avoid personal injury and minimize economic loss while also keeping the animals safe. News organizations should curb their tendency to sensationalize wildlife news and instead disseminate accurate information about endangered species and conflict prevention. To address wildlife encounters, the government should establish consistent emergency plans that include early evacuation when appropriate and the prompt notification of wildlife professionals, who can decide how to proceed based on the condition of the wild animals. Finally, a compensation mechanism should be put in place that incentivizes animal protection by providing more support for damages to property if the animal who caused them was not harmed. 1. [↵][12]1. Q. Huang et al ., Biol. Conserv. 254, 108937 (2021). [OpenUrl][13] 2. [↵][14]1. G. Huang et al ., Natl. Sci. Rev. 10.1093/nsr/nwab042 (2021). 3. [↵][15]1. J. Yang et al ., Science 364, 1242 (2019). [OpenUrl][16][FREE Full Text][17] 4. [↵][18]1. Z. Wang et al ., Science 367, 373 (2020). [OpenUrl][19][FREE Full Text][20] 5. [↵][21]1. J. Xu, 2. J. Wei, 3. W. Liu , Ecol. Evol. 9, 7273 (2019). [OpenUrl][22] 6. [↵][23]1. C. Fandi, 2. W. Lin , “Kunming well prepared as 15 wild elephants intrude after 500km journey,” Global Times (2021). 7. [↵][24]1. J. D. Farrington, 2. D. Tsering , Biol. Conserv. 237, 504 (2019). [OpenUrl][25] 8. 1. Y. Dai et al ., Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 22, e01039 (2020). [OpenUrl][26] 9. [↵][27]1. J. Wang et al ., Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 72, 210 (2019). [OpenUrl][28] 10. [↵][29]1. J. Li et al ., Biol. Conserv. 166, 118 (2013). [OpenUrl][30] 11. [↵][31]1. J. M. Grande, 2. S. Zuluaga, 3. S. Marchini , Science 360, 1309 (2018). [OpenUrl][32][FREE Full Text][33] 12. [↵][34]1. Y. Wanli , “Protection efforts bring wildlife back from brink,” China Daily (2021). [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #ref-7 [8]: #ref-9 [9]: #ref-10 [10]: #ref-11 [11]: #ref-12 [12]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [13]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBiol.%2BConserv.%26rft.volume%253D254%26rft.spage%253D108937%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [14]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [15]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [16]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DYang%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%26rft.volume%253D364%26rft.issue%253D6447%26rft.spage%253D1242%26rft.epage%253D1242%26rft.atitle%253DChina%2527s%2Bhighways%2Bthreaten%2Bwild%2Bcamels%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.aay1264%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F31249050%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [17]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjE1OiIzNjQvNjQ0Ny8xMjQyLWEiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL3NjaS8zNzMvNjU1NC81MDAuMi5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30= [18]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [19]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DWang%26rft.auinit1%253DZ.%26rft.volume%253D367%26rft.issue%253D6476%26rft.spage%253D373%26rft.epage%253D374%26rft.atitle%253DChina%2527s%2Bdams%2Bisolate%2BAsian%2Belephants%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.aba5991%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F31974239%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [20]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjE0OiIzNjcvNjQ3Ni8zNzMtYiI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjI0OiIvc2NpLzM3My82NTU0LzUwMC4yLmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ== [21]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [22]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEcol.%2BEvol.%26rft.volume%253D9%26rft.spage%253D7273%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [23]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [24]: #xref-ref-7-1 "View reference 7 in text" [25]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBiol.%2BConserv.%26rft.volume%253D237%26rft.spage%253D504%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [26]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGlob.%2BEcol.%2BConserv.%26rft.volume%253D22%26rft.spage%253De01039%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [27]: #xref-ref-9-1 "View reference 9 in text" [28]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DRangeland%2BEcol.%2BManag.%26rft.volume%253D72%26rft.spage%253D210%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [29]: #xref-ref-10-1 "View reference 10 in text" [30]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBiol.%2BConserv.%26rft.volume%253D166%26rft.spage%253D118%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [31]: #xref-ref-11-1 "View reference 11 in text" [32]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DGrande%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D360%26rft.issue%253D6395%26rft.spage%253D1309%26rft.epage%253D1309%26rft.atitle%253DCasualties%2Bof%2Bhuman-wildlife%2Bconflict%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.aau2465%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F29930130%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [33]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEzOiIzNjAvNjM5NS8xMzA5IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjQ6Ii9zY2kvMzczLzY1NTQvNTAwLjIuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9 [34]: #xref-ref-12-1 "View reference 12 in text"
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/335521
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Duo Yin,Zhenjie Yuan,Jie Li,et al. Mitigate human-wildlife conflict in China[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Duo Yin,Zhenjie Yuan,Jie Li,&Hong Zhu.(2021).Mitigate human-wildlife conflict in China.Science.
MLA	Duo Yin,et al."Mitigate human-wildlife conflict in China".Science (2021).