资源环境科技发展态势分析平台

Since the start of the pandemic a growing number of people have turned to nature – including visible and audible nature in urban settings in the form of birds and birdsong – to soothe the angst brought about by COVID-19.

And bird watching seems to be becoming more popular. Starting in April 2020, eBird began to see a notable increase in contributions of bird observations. April 2020 eBird checklist submissions increased by 41 per cent compared to April 2019.

But as avian aficionados prepare to celebrate World Migratory Bird Day on 8 May, experts warn that migratory and other bird species are in sharp decline.

Globally, one in eight bird species is threatened, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List, including some of the world’s best-known migratory species, like the European turtle-dove, and the Atlantic puffin.

“As global ambassadors of nature, migratory birds not only connect different places across the planet, they also re-connect people to each other and to nature,” says Amy Fraenkel, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Migratory Species, a global convention specializing in the conservation of migratory species, their habitats and migration routes, and administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). “Their unique songs and flights remind us of the interconnectedness of our world, and the importance of working together across borders to protect birds and the planet.”

Lost habitats

A viral video about the amazing capacity of the lyre bird to imitate the sounds around it – camera shutters, car alarms and chainsaws – signifies, in an alarming way, human threats to wildlife habitats.

For migratory birds, these threats include the expansion of industrial-scale agriculture, human encroachment on habitats, the drying out of wetlands, deforestation, illegal or unstainable hunting, poisoning, and electrocution by power lines. Climate change is also adversely affecting migratory birds, including by reducing the availability of food at stopovers.

While it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of “direct take”, hunting is assessed as a threat to 73 per cent of bird species listed on CMS Appendix I and 57 per cent of those listed on Appendix II.

One study found that there are nearly 3 billion fewer birds in North America today than there were in 1970, a 29 per cent drop in numbers. As part of the study, a continent-wide weather radar network revealed a steep decline in the passage of migrating birds over a recent 10-year period.

Birds aren’t the only animals under threat. Of the planet’s nearly 8 million species, around one million face extinction. In 2010, the world agreed on a series of biodiversity goals to be reached by 2020, the Aichi Targets. None have been met.