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DOI | 10.1029/2018JD029359 |
Mechanisms Behind the Extratropical Stratiform Low-Cloud Optical Depth Response to Temperature in ARM Site Observations | |
Terai, C. R.1; Zhang, Y.1; Klein, S. A.1; Zelinka, M. D.1; Chiu, J. C.2; Min, Q.3 | |
2019-02-27 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 124期号:4页码:2127-2147 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | Ground-based observations from three middle- and high-latitude sites managed by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program are used to determine the sensitivity of the low-cloud optical depth to temperature and to test whether observations support mechanisms previously proposed to affect the optical depth feedback. Analysis of cloud optical depth retrievals support previous satellite findings that the optical depth decreases or stays constant with increases in temperature when the cloud is warm but increases when the cloud is cold. The cloud liquid water path sensitivity to warming largely explains the optical depth sensitivity at all sites. Mechanisms examined in this study involve the temperature dependence of (a) the moist-adiabatic lapse rate, (b) cloud phase partitioning, (c) drying efficiency of cloud top mixing, (d) cloud top inversion strength, and (e) boundary layer decoupling. Mechanism (a) is present across all clouds and explains 30% to 50% of the increase in liquid water path with warming at temperatures below 0 degrees C. However, the cloud's adiabaticity, the ratio between the liquid water path and its theoretical maximum, is at least as important and determines how the liquid water path sensitivity to temperature varies with temperature. At temperatures below 0 degrees C, the adiabaticity increases with warming, and the data support mechanism (b). At warmer temperatures, the adiabaticity decreases with warming, overwhelming mechanism (a) and resulting in the liquid water path decreasing with warming. This adiabaticity decrease arises primarily because of mechanism (d), and to a lesser degree because of mechanism (e). No evidence is found supporting mechanism (c). |
英文关键词 | cloud feedback clouds ground observation optical depth feedback |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000461856300015 |
WOS关键词 | LIQUID WATER PATH ; SOLAR BACKGROUND SIGNALS ; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS ; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS ; CARBON-DIOXIDE ; CLIMATE ; FEEDBACK ; RADIATION ; RETRIEVALS ; SATELLITE |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/32568 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Cloud Proc Res & Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA; 2.Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; 3.SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Terai, C. R.,Zhang, Y.,Klein, S. A.,et al. Mechanisms Behind the Extratropical Stratiform Low-Cloud Optical Depth Response to Temperature in ARM Site Observations[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2019,124(4):2127-2147. |
APA | Terai, C. R.,Zhang, Y.,Klein, S. A.,Zelinka, M. D.,Chiu, J. C.,&Min, Q..(2019).Mechanisms Behind the Extratropical Stratiform Low-Cloud Optical Depth Response to Temperature in ARM Site Observations.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,124(4),2127-2147. |
MLA | Terai, C. R.,et al."Mechanisms Behind the Extratropical Stratiform Low-Cloud Optical Depth Response to Temperature in ARM Site Observations".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 124.4(2019):2127-2147. |
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