Long-term investment in shark sanctuaries

doi:10.1126/science.abj0147

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abj0147
	Long-term investment in shark sanctuaries
	Demian D. Chapman; Khadeeja Ali; M. Aaron MacNeil; Michelle R. Heupel; Mark Meekan; Euan S. Harvey; Colin A. Simpfendorfer; Michael R. Heithaus
	2021-04-30
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Shark sanctuaries, defined as national prohibitions on the commercial fishing and trade of sharks, provide globally important refuges for some shark species ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). The Maldives has earned international acclaim for being a sanctuary and reaps considerable economic benefit from shark dive tourism ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). Despite its success in shark conservation, the country may repeal or weaken its sanctuary legislation based on the desire to benefit economically from shark fishing and perceptions of increased conflict between fishers and sharks due to depredation (when sharks take or damage catches) ([ 5 ][5]). Although recent pandemic-related disruption of tourism likely fueled this initiative, it may have been inevitable given that revenue generated from shark tourism does not directly benefit communities that once fished sharks and now experience depredation ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). Several of the world's 17 shark sanctuaries face issues similar to the one in the Maldives ([ 6 ][6]), suggesting that internal support for sanctuaries may erode as they become successful ([ 7 ][7]). In sanctuaries where overall public approval is strong, people living alongside sharks need better support. Sanctuary resilience requires targeted assistance to offset real costs to former shark fishers and those experiencing depredation ([ 3 ][3]). The costs of such support would be far outweighed by the national benefits of sanctuaries ([ 3 ][3]). Funding for these offsets can come from a variety of sources, including intergovernmental aid from high-income, pro-shark conservation nations and sanctuary fees collected from dive tourists, routed by the government to affected communities ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). Likewise, the tourism industry itself, especially facility owners, could engage with these communities to include them as sanctuary beneficiaries. Nondestructive approaches for reducing depredation need to be investigated and disseminated. Funders, governments, nongovernmental organizations, the tourism sector, and conservation advocates should view shark sanctuaries not solely as policy victories but also as long-term investments with high conservation potential ([ 2 ][2]). These sanctuaries depend on sustained community benefits and engagement after the policy is passed and the last celebratory social media announcement is posted. 1. [↵][8]1. C. A. Ward-Paige, 2. B. Worm , Glob. Environ. Change 47, 174 (2017). [OpenUrl][9] 2. [↵][10]1. M. A. MacNeil et al ., Nature 583, 801 (2020). [OpenUrl][11] 3. [↵][12]1. K. Ali, 2. H. Sinan , J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India 56, 34 (2014). [OpenUrl][13] 4. [↵][14]1. J. Zimmerhackel et al ., Mar. Pol. 100, 21 (2019). [OpenUrl][15] 5. [↵][16]“Maldives plans to legalise shark fishing,” South Asia Monitor (2021). 6. [↵][17]1. N. McKenzie , “BCFA recommends govt. temporarily lift shark harvesting ban,” Eyewitness News (2020). 7. [↵][18]1. J. K. Carlson et al ., Environ. Conserv. 46, 264 (2019). [OpenUrl][19] [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #ref-7 [8]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [9]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGlob.%2BEnviron.%2BChange%26rft.volume%253D47%26rft.spage%253D174%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [10]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [11]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%26rft.volume%253D583%26rft.spage%253D801%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [12]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [13]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BMar.%2BBiol.%2BAss.%2BIndia%26rft.volume%253D56%26rft.spage%253D34%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [15]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DMar.%2BPol.%26rft.volume%253D100%26rft.spage%253D21%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [16]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [17]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [18]: #xref-ref-7-1 "View reference 7 in text" [19]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEnviron.%2BConserv.%26rft.volume%253D46%26rft.spage%253D264%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/325016
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Demian D. Chapman,Khadeeja Ali,M. Aaron MacNeil,et al. Long-term investment in shark sanctuaries[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Demian D. Chapman.,Khadeeja Ali.,M. Aaron MacNeil.,Michelle R. Heupel.,Mark Meekan.,...&Michael R. Heithaus.(2021).Long-term investment in shark sanctuaries.Science.
MLA	Demian D. Chapman,et al."Long-term investment in shark sanctuaries".Science (2021).