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DOI | 10.1029/2017JD028170 |
Signatures of Heavy Precipitation on the Thermodynamics of Clouds Seen From Satellite: Changes Observed in Temperature Lapse Rates and Missed by Weather Analyses | |
Juarez, Manuel de la Torre1; Padulles, Ramon1,2; Joseph Turk, F.1; Cardellach, Estel2 | |
2018-12-16 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 123期号:23页码:13033-13045 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; Spain |
英文摘要 | Analyses of the thermodynamics of precipitating clouds are mostly based on localized in situ campaigns or, more globally, weather analyses and reanalyses. This work presents a comparison of weather analyses to satellite observations and a radiometeorological method that shows how precipitating layers inside clouds coincide with weather analyses underestimates of the amount of water vapor. The thermodynamic information from inside precipitating clouds is extracted using observed radio occultation (RO) refractivity profiles without requiring weather analysis input, thus reducing analysis-induced biases. The radiometeorological method is described by first identifying the differences between adiabatically dry, mixing-ratio conserving, and saturated pseudoadiabatic refractivity profiles. These reference profiles are then compared to observed RO refractivity profiles within precipitating and nonprecipitating clouds to infer changes in their height-dependent thermodynamic states and in stability to convection. Precipitation is found to start below layers close to pseudoadiabatic and precipitation layers coincide with changes into conditional stability against convection. A statistical comparison between observed profiles and the gradients predicted for a saturated pseudoadiabatic profile is made and finds that on the global average, precipitation separates clouds from the Clausius-Clapeyron law and profiles are close to a saturated pseudoadiabat. The results (a) help constrain the physical processes associated to precipitation inside clouds and (b) validate the potential of graphical RO techniques to analyze observations without ancillary temperature data from weather analyses. Plain Language Summary Predicting how precipitation responds to changes in atmospheric thermal profiles remains a challenge identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solving this challenge requires comparing models with the observed thermodynamics of precipitating clouds. Only radio occultation (RO) can constraint globally the thermodynamics inside clouds with high vertical resolution. Infrared and microwave can measure the thermodynamics outside and only partially clouds, and radar instruments that measure inside clouds do not provide thermodynamic information.This paper develops a method to use RO for distinguishing the thermodynamics inside precipitating versus nonprecipitating clouds. The identification of rain is made using coincidences of RO soundings with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and CloudSat observations. Using the method, we show that globally, (1) the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast ERA Interim reanalysis and the Global Forecast System weather analysis have a global bias in precipitating clouds caused by misrepresentation of the thermodynamics inside clouds; (2) the nature of the bias is associated to a misrepresentation of the lapse rates by the analyses; (3) there are changes in stability to moist convection associated to the height where precipitation originates, and (4) the transition from midtropospheric lapse rates to boundary layer shows more frequent sharp inversions in nonprecipitating than in precipitating scenes. |
英文关键词 | Precipitation Radio Occultation Cloud thermodynamics COSMIC Refractivity Lapse rates |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000455285500001 |
WOS关键词 | GNSS RADIO-OCCULTATION ; WATER-VAPOR ; GPS RO ; REFRACTIVITY ; MISSION ; SENSITIVITY ; SIMULATION ; CONVECTION ; PROFILES ; TRMM |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/32325 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; 2.CSIC, IEEC, Inst Space Sci ICE, Barcelona, Spain |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Juarez, Manuel de la Torre,Padulles, Ramon,Joseph Turk, F.,et al. Signatures of Heavy Precipitation on the Thermodynamics of Clouds Seen From Satellite: Changes Observed in Temperature Lapse Rates and Missed by Weather Analyses[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2018,123(23):13033-13045. |
APA | Juarez, Manuel de la Torre,Padulles, Ramon,Joseph Turk, F.,&Cardellach, Estel.(2018).Signatures of Heavy Precipitation on the Thermodynamics of Clouds Seen From Satellite: Changes Observed in Temperature Lapse Rates and Missed by Weather Analyses.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,123(23),13033-13045. |
MLA | Juarez, Manuel de la Torre,et al."Signatures of Heavy Precipitation on the Thermodynamics of Clouds Seen From Satellite: Changes Observed in Temperature Lapse Rates and Missed by Weather Analyses".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 123.23(2018):13033-13045. |
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