| 英文摘要 | Brazil's Cerrado region, a tropical savanna ecosystem globally recognized for its rich and endemic biodiversity ([ 1 ][1]) and its importance in water regulation ([ 2 ][2]), faces escalating threats to its environmental services due to deforestation ([ 3 ][3]). The state of Maranhão, with an area of 33 million hectares, contains both Cerrado (65%) and Amazon (35%) biomes ([ 4 ][4]). In the state's Amazonian region, predatory deforestation has led to poverty and violence against traditional and Indigenous peoples ([ 4 ][4]). Maranhão, which is currently deliberating zoning policies, must ensure that the mistakes made in the Amazon are not repeated in the Cerrado.
Millions of hectares of native vegetation are legally available for agricultural conversion in the Cerrado region of Maranhão ([ 5 ][5]), including lands susceptible to desertification ([ 6 ][6]). The large-scale replacement of native vegetation by a single crop results in expropriation and violence against traditional communities ([ 7 ][7]). Large-scale agriculture also changes the water cycle ([ 2 ][2]), erodes ([ 8 ][8]) and extinguishes ([ 9 ][9]) biodiversity, and contaminates soil and water with agrochemicals ([ 10 ][10]).
The Maranhão state government is carrying out technical studies to define zones for management and territorial planning (locally known as ZEE-Cerrado). The zoning decisions will determine which lands will be designated for conservation and which will be used for agriculture expansion. The process is expected to conclude in November with the proposal of a bill ([ 11 ][11]). In March 2020 ([ 12 ][12]), the Maranhão state parliament passed a similar zoning law for its Amazon region ([ 4 ][4]) through a process that excluded most external discussion and therefore failed to prioritize forest protection and restoration. Maranhão should make sure that both the scientific community and civil society (i.e., nongovernmental organizations, community and social action groups, and other not-for-profit associations) are integrally involved throughout the development of the Cerrado zoning law to avoid environmental setbacks and enable sustainable development in the region.
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11. [↵][37]Governo do Maranhão, “ZEE dos Biomas Cerrado e Costeiro maranhense será finalizado em novembro de 2021” (2020); [www.ma.gov.br/agenciadenoticias/?p=291618][38] [in Portuguese].
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