Assess before changing Brazil's shipping policy

doi:10.1126/science.abh3608

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abh3608
	Assess before changing Brazil's shipping policy
	Lucas Rodriguez Forti; Marcos R. Rossi-Santos; José Anchieta C. C. Nunes
	2021-04-09
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	In September 2020, the Brazilian Infrastructure Ministry announced a plan to incentivize additional ship traffic by increasing transport rights for ships, creating new routes between ports, and reducing the cost of transporting containers ([ 1 ][1]). Although more ships may help the local economy and streamline cargo transport, the Ministry has not evaluated the potential ecological impacts of increasing cargo ship traffic among ports by an estimated 40% by 2022 ([ 1 ][1]). Ship traffic is associated with greenhouse gases ([ 2 ][2]), oil spills ([ 3 ][3]), and noise pollution ([ 4 ][4]). Policies likely to increase ship traffic should not be implemented before an independent environmental assessment has been conducted. The current ship traffic has already led to loss of livelihoods for Brazil's people and degradation of its ecosystems. Residents of the Brazilian coast, particularly fishers, are still recovering from the 2019 oil spill ([ 5 ][5], [ 6 ][6]). Underwater noise pollution by cargo ship traffic disrupts the behavior and populations of marine animals ([ 7 ][7], [ 8 ][8]), increasing the risks to endangered species ([ 9 ][9], [ 10 ][10]). Ships are also potential vectors for invasive organisms, such as bay barnacle or zebra mussels, which are transported in hull fouling or ballast water and threaten native species ([ 11 ][11], [ 12 ][12]). The Brazilian government has not made public any information about how it will inspect ships or protect the marine ecosystems from these perturbations as the new plan takes effect. Considering the risks, the new initiative should be put on hold until the government can evaluate the potential for damages and propose a plan to prevent them. To move forward with the ship traffic program responsibly, the government will have to allocate more funding to research, create action plans for endangered species, expand biomonitoring programs ([ 13 ][13], [ 14 ][14]), and encourage cargo transportation that uses cleaner energy sources. If these measures are not addressed, the Brazilian government will jeopardize ecosystems with immeasurable value. 1. [↵][15]Governo Federal, Ministério da Infraestrutura, “Br do Mar” (2020); [www.gov.br/infraestrutura/pt-br/brdomar][16] [in Portuguese]. 2. [↵][17]1. T. R. Walker et al ., World Seas 3, 505 (2019). [OpenUrl][18] 3. [↵][19]1. M. Girin, 2. E. Mamaca , Pollutions Chimiques Accidentelles du Transport Maritime (Editions Quæ, Versailles, 2010). 4. [↵][20]1. B.S. Halpern et al ., Sci. Rep. 9, 11609 (2019). [OpenUrl][21] 5. [↵][22]1. H. Escobar , Science, 366, 672 (2019). [OpenUrl][23][Abstract/FREE Full Text][24] 6. [↵][25]1. S.F. Câmara et al ., Ocean Coast. Manag. 202, 105506 (2021). [OpenUrl][26] 7. [↵][27]1. R. A. Dunlop , Soc. Open Sci. 6, 6190967 (2019). [OpenUrl][28] 8. [↵][29]1. C. Duarte et al ., Science 371, eaba4658 (2021). [OpenUrl][30][Abstract/FREE Full Text][31] 9. [↵][32]1. D. T. L. Martins et al ., Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 98, 215 (2018). [OpenUrl][33] 10. [↵][34]1. C. Erbe et al ., Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 606 (2019). [OpenUrl][35] 11. [↵][36]1. E. Lakshmi et al ., Ocean Coast. Manag. 199, 105296 (2021). [OpenUrl][37] 12. [↵][38]International Maritime Organization, “Common Hull Fouling Invasive Species” (2019); [www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Common-Hull-Fouling-Invasive-Species.aspx][39]. 13. [↵][40]Programa Ambiental, “Paisagem Acústica” (2021); [www.comunicabaciadesantos.com.br/programa-ambiental/projeto-de-monitoramento--da-paisagem-acustica-submarina-pmpas.html][41] [in Portuguese]. 14. [↵][42]Programa Ambiental, “Cetáceos” (2021); [www.comunicabaciadesantos.com.br/programa-ambiental/projeto-de-monitoramento-de-cetaceos-pmc.html][43] [in Portuguese]. L.R.F. received a fellowship from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES Finance Code 001). 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/322055
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lucas Rodriguez Forti,Marcos R. Rossi-Santos,José Anchieta C. C. Nunes. Assess before changing Brazil's shipping policy[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Lucas Rodriguez Forti,Marcos R. Rossi-Santos,&José Anchieta C. C. Nunes.(2021).Assess before changing Brazil's shipping policy.Science.
MLA	Lucas Rodriguez Forti,et al."Assess before changing Brazil's shipping policy".Science (2021).