Prevent bottom trawling in southern Brazil

doi:10.1126/science.abh0279

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abh0279
	Prevent bottom trawling in southern Brazil
	Luís Gustavo Cardoso; Manuel Haimovici; Patrízia Raggi Abdallah; Eduardo Resende Secchi; Paul Gerhard Kinas
	2021-04-09
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Bottom trawling, a method of fishing in which nets are dragged across the ocean floor, leads to the death of an estimated 4.2 million tons per year of non-target species worldwide ([ 1 ][1]), decreases revenue by disrupting the growth of juvenile fishes ([ 2 ][2], [ 3 ][3]), threatens ocean ecosystems worldwide ([ 4 ][4]), and increases aqueous CO2 emissions by disturbing the seafloor ([ 5 ][5]). The coastal shallow waters of the Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil, an ecological hotspot for megafauna and fish feeding, spawning, and nursing, have deteriorated due to extensive fishing. To protect and reconstruct their former fishery productivity, scientific evidence should be valued over the industry's immediate interests, and bottom trawling should not be allowed in this ecosystem. Extreme overfishing ([ 6 ][6], [ 7 ][7]) and the chronic inefficiency of federal fisheries management pushed local fishers in Rio Grande do Sul to lead the push for the 2018 approval of the Sustainable Fisheries State Policy Act (Rio Grande do Sul State Law 15,223/2018), which banned all motor-powered bottom trawling up to 12 miles from the state's 570 km of marine coast. Decades of scientific evidence indicated that the ban would have sustainable ecosystem benefits and ensure continued revenues for small-scale and industrial fisheries ([ 6 ][6]–[ 8 ][8]). For the same reasons, trawling bans have been established in other countries ([ 9 ][9]). However, the law was questioned in Brazil's Federal Supreme Court in 2019 after the neighboring state Santa Catarina's industrial fishing sector claimed economic losses. The dean minister maintained the law ([ 10 ][10]), but in December 2020, his successor suspended it ([ 11 ][11]). Efficient and effective fisheries management is essential to the food security of the more than one million people along the 8000-km Brazilian coastline for whom fishing is a way of life and primary source of income ([ 12 ][12]). The new minister's decision led to uncertainty about the state's right to legislate on this issue, which could be an enormous setback in ecological and fisheries restoration. We urge the Supreme Court to formally recognize rights of states in Brazil to legislate in their coastal waters. Only then will local and other coastal fisheries be able to choose a sustainable path forward. 1. [↵][13]1. M. A. P. Roda et al ., “A third assessment of global marine fisheries discards,” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 633, 2019). 2. [↵][14]1. A. Jensen, 2. R. Reider, 3. W. Kovalak , N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. 8, 191 (1988). [OpenUrl][15] 3. [↵][16]1. U. R. Sumaila , Game Theory and Fisheries (Routledge, London, 2013). 4. [↵][17]1. J. G. Hiddink et al ., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 114, 8301 (2017). [OpenUrl][18][Abstract/FREE Full Text][19] 5. [↵][20]1. E. Sala et al ., Nature 10.1038/s41586-021-03371-z (2021). 6. [↵][21]1. M. Haimovici, 2. L. G. Cardoso , Mar. Biol. Res. 13, 135 (2017). [OpenUrl][22] 7. [↵][23]1. L. G. Cardoso, 2. M. Haimovici, 3. P. R. Abdallah, 4. L. F. C. Dumont , “Efeitos para o setor pesqueiro do deslocamento do arrasto de fundo para além da 12 milhas náuticas na costa do Rio Grande do Sul” (Tech. Rep. 1, BRA-0142-2017, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 2018); [https://demersais.furg.br/images/Cardoso\_et\_al\_2018\_Efeitos\_para\_o\_setor\_pesqueiro\_do\_deslocamento\_do\_arrasto\_de\_fundo\_para\_alm\_da\_12\_milhas\_nuticas\_na\_costa\_do\_Rio\_Grande\_do_Sul.pdf][24] [in Portuguese]. 8. [↵][25]Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/Ministério do Meio Ambiente, “Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção,” VI – Peixes (ed. 1, Brasília, 2018) [in Portuguese]. 9. [↵][26]1. T. L. Loh, 2. Z. Jaafar , Aquatic Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 25, 581 (2015). [OpenUrl][27] 10. [↵][28]1. C. Mello , “Medida cautelar na ação direta de inconstitucionalidade 6.218 Rio Grande do Sul” (2019); [www.stf.jus.br/arquivo/cms/noticiaNoticiaStf/anexo/ADI6218cautelar.pdf][29] [in Portuguese]. 11. [↵][30]1. N. Marques , “Ag.Reg. na medida cautelar na ação direta de inconstitucionalidade 6.218 Rio Grande do Sul” (2020); [www.conjur.com.br/dl/nunes-marques-autoriza-pesca-arrasto.pdf][31] [in Portuguese]. 12. [↵][32]1. J. Dias Neto , “O uso da biodiversidade aquática no Brasil: uma avaliação com foco na pesca” (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente, Brasília, BR, 2015) [in Portuguese]. 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/322054
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Luís Gustavo Cardoso,Manuel Haimovici,Patrízia Raggi Abdallah,et al. Prevent bottom trawling in southern Brazil[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Luís Gustavo Cardoso,Manuel Haimovici,Patrízia Raggi Abdallah,Eduardo Resende Secchi,&Paul Gerhard Kinas.(2021).Prevent bottom trawling in southern Brazil.Science.
MLA	Luís Gustavo Cardoso,et al."Prevent bottom trawling in southern Brazil".Science (2021).