Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1289/EHP7932 |
Blood Lead Levels in U.S. Children Ages 1–11 Years, 1976–2016 | |
Kathryn B. Egan; Cheryl R. Cornwell; Joseph G. Courtney; Adrienne S. Ettinger | |
2021-03-17 | |
发表期刊 | Environmental Health Perspectives
![]() |
出版年 | 2021 |
英文摘要 | AbstractBackground:Lead can adversely affect child health across a wide range of exposure levels. We describe the distribution of blood lead levels (BLLs) in U.S. children ages 1–11 y by selected sociodemographic and housing characteristics over a 40-y period. Methods:Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II (1976–1980), NHANES III (Phase 1: 1988–1991 and Phase II: 1991–1994), and Continuous NHANES (1999–2016) were used to describe the distribution of BLLs (in micrograms per deciliter; ) in U.S. children ages 1–11 y from 1976 to 2016. For all children with valid BLLs (), geometric mean (GM) BLLs [95% confidence intervals (CI)] and estimated prevalence (95% CI) were calculated overall and by selected characteristics, stratified by age group (1–5 y and 6–11 y). Results:The GM BLL in U.S. children ages 1–5 y declined from (95% CI: 14.3, 16.1) in 1976–1980 to (95% CI: 0.78, 0.88) in 2011–2016, representing a 94.5% decrease over time. For children ages 6–11 y, GM BLL declined from (95% CI: 11.9, 13.4) in 1976–1980 to (95% CI: 0.58, 0.63) in 2011–2016, representing a 95.3% decrease over time. Even so, for the most recent period (2011–2016), estimates indicate that approximately 385,775 children ages 1–11 y had BLLs greater than or equal to the CDC blood lead reference value of . Higher GM BLLs were associated with non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity, lower family income-to-poverty-ratio, and older housing age. Discussion:Overall, BLLs in U.S. children ages 1–11 y have decreased substantially over the past 40 y. Despite these notable declines in population exposures to lead over time, higher GM BLLs are consistently associated with risk factors such as race/ethnicity, poverty, and housing age that can be used to target blood lead screening efforts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7932 |
领域 | 资源环境 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/319817 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Kathryn B. Egan,Cheryl R. Cornwell,Joseph G. Courtney,et al. Blood Lead Levels in U.S. Children Ages 1–11 Years, 1976–2016[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2021. |
APA | Kathryn B. Egan,Cheryl R. Cornwell,Joseph G. Courtney,&Adrienne S. Ettinger.(2021).Blood Lead Levels in U.S. Children Ages 1–11 Years, 1976–2016.Environmental Health Perspectives. |
MLA | Kathryn B. Egan,et al."Blood Lead Levels in U.S. Children Ages 1–11 Years, 1976–2016".Environmental Health Perspectives (2021). |
条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 |
除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。
修改评论