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Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
More transmissible and evasive SARS-CoV-2 variant growing rapidly in Brazil | |
admin | |
2021-03-02 | |
发布年 | 2021 |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | 英国 |
领域 | 资源环境 |
正文(英文) | ![]() ![]() The P.1 lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 variant first observed in Brazil has driven a second wave of infections even in a region hit hard by the first wave. The findings, which may point to risk of re-infection or increased transmissibility, come from researchers at the University of São Paulo in collaboration with Imperial College London and the University of Oxford. P.1 lineage around the worldDespite very high infection rates in the Amazon region, a second wave of infection hit in Manaus, Brazil between December 2020 and January 2021. Genomic sequencing of clinical samples from Manaus found that this second wave was associated with the emergence and rapid spread of a new Variant of Concern (VOC), the P.1 lineage. Statistical analysis of genome data suggests that the P.1 lineage has likely been circulating in Manaus since early November 2020. This lineage has been identified in over 20 countries worldwide and continues to spread, including several recently confirmed cases in the UK. Global collaborative efforts on rapid virus genome sequencing are allowing us to identify SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concerns in near real-time. Prof Ester Sabino Study author Several genetic changes - substitutions and deletions - in this new P.1 lineage may have immunological significance. The team identified 17 mutations for this VOC, including a trio in the spike protein (K417T, E484K and N501Y) associated with increased binding to the human ACE2 receptor: a protein on the cell surface functioning as an entrance into the cell for SARS-CoV-2. Using analysis of genome sequence data, researchers were able to date back the emergence of the P.1 VOC to early November 2020. More transmissible and evasiveThe researchers found that the new P.1 lineage is growing rapidly in Brazil, is likely more transmissible than other variants, and may have the ability to evade protective immunity. The researchers estimate that the P.1 VOC is between 1.4–2.2 times more transmissible than non-VOC lineages. In addition, they estimate that the P.1 VOC evades 25-61% of protective immunity arising from infection with previously circulating variants. The exact trade-off between increased transmissibility and evading immunity is not currently known. The team concludes that enhanced global genomic surveillance of variants of concern, which may exhibit increased transmissibility and/or immune evasion, is critical to accelerate pandemic responsiveness. Dr Nuno Faria of Imperial College London, said: “Our study describes a novel lineage of concern, named P.1 lineage, that emerged in Manaus, the largest urban metropolis in the Amazon, where high rates of population immunity had been observed. P.1 accrued 17 mutations, including 3 virologically-important mutations in a region of the spike protein that interacts with the receptor the virus uses to enter human cells." Dr Thomas Mellan of Imperial College London, said: “We found that the P.1 variant has notable differences compared to the previously circulating strains in Manaus. We estimate a 1.4 to 2.2 times increase in transmissibility, and an ability to evade between 25 and 61% of natural immunity generated from infection with earlier strains. There was also evidence of an increase in mortality risk but whether this is due to P.1 or the extensive healthcare collapse Manaus has experienced remains uncertain” Prof Ester Sabino of Universidade de São Paulo, said: "Global collaborative efforts on rapid virus genome sequencing are allowing us to identify SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concerns in near real-time. Yet, uncertainty in the ways SARS-CoV-2 is changing and implications for vaccine design calls for much more sequencing and analysis of virus genomes globally.” Why does P.1 matter?Q&A with the study authors: What is unique about the P.1 lineage? For how long has the P.1 lineage circulated undetected? Is the P.1 lineage more transmissible compared to others? Is the P.1 lineage better at escaping immunity compared to other lineages? Is the P.1 lineage more deadly compared to other lineages? Will vaccines still protect us from infection with the P.1 lineage? Vaccines can protect from infection and protect from disease or death. This study shows evidence that the virus may cause more severe disease. However, this study only considered acquired immunity and did not study vaccine effectiveness. There is no evidence that the current vaccines are less effective against the P.1 lineage. How quickly does the virus change? Since the emergence of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) in December 2019, the Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team has adopted a policy of immediately sharing research findings on the developing pandemic. |
URL | 查看原文 |
来源平台 | Imperial College London |
文献类型 | 新闻 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/318192 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | admin. More transmissible and evasive SARS-CoV-2 variant growing rapidly in Brazil. 2021. |
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