资源环境科技发展态势分析平台

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects global climate and ecosystems, but a recent shift towards more frequent central Pacific (CP) El Niño events could alter these relationships. Here, we show strong responses of the terrestrial carbon cycle to CP ENSO, exceeding even those to canonical eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO. Annual GPP of both global tropical forests and semiarid ecosystems were reduced by approximately 0.3‐0.5 Pg C yr⁻¹ K⁻¹ increase in CP sea surface temperatures, which also reduced net ecosystem production of key tropical and semiarid regions like Amazonia and Australia, but with smaller (and generally not significant) responses to EP sea surface temperatures. Given these large negative responses of ecosystem production to CP sea surface temperatures, our results suggest that a recent shift towards CP‐dominated ENSO events could further alter Earth's terrestrial carbon cycle, especially when coupled with possible increases in ENSO amplitude with continued warming.