A marine biodiversity plan for China and beyond

doi:10.1126/science.abg7976

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abg7976
	A marine biodiversity plan for China and beyond
	Wenliang Zhou; Meng Wang; Mingpan Huang; Fuwen Wei
	2021-02-12
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Although China has taken important steps to protect biodiversity, including a 10-year fishing ban in inland waters ([ 1 ][1]) and a summer fishing moratorium in oceans ([ 2 ][2]), the country's marine biodiversity protection needs a plan to better ameliorate the threats to marine life, including the deterioration of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity ([ 3 ][3]). By 2019, China had established 271 protected areas that include oceans ([ 4 ][4], [ 5 ][5]). They cover 12.4 million hectares of ocean but represent only 4.1% of China's maritime area ([ 4 ][4], [ 5 ][5]), far below the 10% goal set by Aichi Target 11 ([ 6 ][6]). In contrast, China has established protected areas covering 18% of its total terrestrial habitats and inland waters, more than the 17% goal of Aichi Target 11 ([ 6 ][6], [ 7 ][7]). Nearly all of China's marine protected areas (MPAs) are in coastal and continental-shelf regions ([ 5 ][5]), and their ability to protect migratory fishes and mammals is likely hindered by their fragmentation ([ 4 ][4]). The current MPA system cannot keep up with the demand for effective marine biodiversity protection. China needs to accelerate the optimization and integration of existing MPAs and establish new MPAs that use the national parks model ([ 8 ][8]) to strengthen the protection of marine biodiversity. Given the connectivity of the ocean and the migratory ability of animals, MPAs should target protection of their key habitats such as breeding or spawning sites. Because shortfalls in effective management can diminish protected areas' ability to stem biodiversity loss ([ 9 ][9], [ 10 ][10]), MPA policies such as fishing intensity limits and seasonal fishing moratoriums need to be better enforced. In China's protected areas management system, the national park model emphasizes the integrity of the ecosystem and prioritizes the integration of one or more complete ecosystems. Designating areas as national parks can break through administrative obstacles. The current MPA system should be expanded to add more and larger national parks in key ecosystems as determined by scientific data ([ 8 ][8]). These areas likely include the Changshan islands, the Nanji and Beiji islands, the estuaries of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, the Beibu Gulf, Nanpeng islands, and the coral reef islands in the South China Sea. Scientists are calling for 30% of the world's oceans to be fully protected by 2030 ([ 11 ][11]). However, 61% of the world's oceans are high seas, which hold the largest global biodiversity richness. In order to protect marine biodiversity in international waters, countries will have to cooperate ([ 11 ][11]). In April 2019, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that the international community work together to ensure a shared future for the world's oceans ([ 12 ][12]). To achieve this goal, greater efforts are required by China and all countries. 1. [↵][13]“Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on the scope and time of fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin” (2019); [www.cjyzbgs.moa.gov.cn/tzgg/201912/t20191227_6334009.htm][14] [in Chinese]. 2. [↵][15]“Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to adjust the marine fishing moratorium system in summer” (2018); [www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2018/201803/201805/t20180528_6143235.htm][16] [in Chinese]. 3. [↵][17]1. J. Y. Liu , PLOS One 8, e50719 (2013). [OpenUrl][18] 4. [↵][19]1. L. L. Zhao et al ., Mar. Dev. Manag. 36, 3 (2019). [in Chinese]. [OpenUrl][20] 5. [↵][21]Fish. Sci. Technol. Info. 47, 350 (2020) [in Chinese]. [OpenUrl][22] 6. [↵][23]1. C. M. Finlayson et al 1. D. Coates , “Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2011–2020) and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets” in The Wetland Book, C. M. Finlayson et al., Eds. (Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2016). 7. [↵][24]1. F. W. Wei et al ., Natl. Sci. Rev. 10.1093/nsr/nwaa279 (2020). 8. [↵][25]1. F. L. Tang , Trop. For. 46, 5 (2018). [in Chinese]. [OpenUrl][26] 9. [↵][27]1. K. McVeigh , “Auditors decry ‘marine protected areas’ that fail to protect ocean,” The Guardian (2020). 10. [↵][28]1. S. L. Maxwell et al ., Nature 586, 217 (2020). [OpenUrl][29] 11. [↵][30]1. C. Roberts et al ., “30×30: A blueprint for ocean protection: How we can protect 30% of our oceans by 2030” (Environment Foundation Greenpeace, 2019). 12. [↵][31]1. G. S. He , “The destiny of the oceans is linked to the destiny of mankind,” Guangming Daily (2019); [https://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2019-06/06/nw.D110000gmrb\_20190606\_1-16.htm][32] [in Chinese]. 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计	被引频次：7[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/314067
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wenliang Zhou,Meng Wang,Mingpan Huang,et al. A marine biodiversity plan for China and beyond[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Wenliang Zhou,Meng Wang,Mingpan Huang,&Fuwen Wei.(2021).A marine biodiversity plan for China and beyond.Science.
MLA	Wenliang Zhou,et al."A marine biodiversity plan for China and beyond".Science (2021).