China's turtles need protection in the wild

doi:10.1126/science.abg3541

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abg3541
	China's turtles need protection in the wild
	Jian Wang; James F. Parham; Haitao Shi
	2021-01-29
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	In Chinese mythology, giant softshell turtles are important symbols of longevity and strength. The two extant species, the Yangtze giant softshell ( Rafetus swinhoei ) and the Asian giant softshell ( Pelochelys cantorii ), are among the largest and rarest freshwater turtles in the world ([ 1 ][1]–[ 3 ][2]). After the death of a female R. swinhoei during artificial insemination in 2019, there is only one male left in captivity ([ 2 ][3]). The status of P. cantorii is less publicized, but this species is also disappearing ([ 3 ][2]). There are 15 adult P. cantorii kept in captivity in China, and the Chinese conservation plan for the species focuses on their captive breeding ([ 4 ][4]). However, based on China's past record, conservation efforts that exclude habitat protection will likely provide no benefit to wild populations. A singular focus on conservation in captivity guarantees there will be no place for reintroduction of P. cantorii into the wild [as occurred in the case of the Yangtze alligator ( Alligator sinensis ) ([ 5 ][5])]. So far, the farming of other turtles in China has been little help to wild populations. Paradoxically, this approach increases poaching because captured animals can be sold to breeders ([ 6 ][6]). Breeding programs also result in genetically compromised individuals of reduced conservation value, as exemplified by the mass release of farmed Chinese giant salamanders ( Andrias davidianus ), which provided few benefits and likely introduced new threats to the native population ([ 7 ][7]). Three sites have bred P. cantorii from wild-caught individuals, but they have not demonstrated a sustainable breeding program. The origin of most captive turtles is unknown because they were bought in markets or seized from smugglers ([ 3 ][2], [ 4 ][4]). Thirteen reserves were designed to protect P. cantorii in southern China, but just six are staffed and only half of those have recorded the presence of P. cantorii in recent years ([ 3 ][2]). The effectiveness of the reserves is questionable given that they have been constantly flooded since the construction of hydroelectric dams, destroying the essential sand banks habitat the turtles use to bask and nest ([ 8 ][8]). After losing the Baiji dolphin ( Lipotes vexillifer ) ([ 9 ][9]) and Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ) ([ 10 ][10]), the Chinese government banned all fishing in the Yangtze river system for 10 years ([ 11 ][11]). China should expand this strict fishing ban to all rivers and prohibit dams within turtle reserves to protect their habitats. Furthermore, the reserves should be adequately supported and effectively managed. We may fail to save R. swinhoei , but we can save other giants in the wild rivers of China if we do not focus exclusively on breeding programs. 1. 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/313989
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jian Wang,James F. Parham,Haitao Shi. China's turtles need protection in the wild[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Jian Wang,James F. Parham,&Haitao Shi.(2021).China's turtles need protection in the wild.Science.
MLA	Jian Wang,et al."China's turtles need protection in the wild".Science (2021).