Tilapia farming threatens Brazil's waters

doi:10.1126/science.abg1346

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abg1346
	Tilapia farming threatens Brazil's waters
	Patricia Charvet; Thiago Vinicius Trento Occhi; Larissa Faria; Barbara Carvalho; Clemerson Richard Pedroso; Laís Carneiro; Matheus Freitas; Miguel Petrere-Junior; Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule
	2021-01-22
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Once again, the Brazilian government is threatening native biodiversity by facilitating invasive alien species farming ([ 1 ][1]). The Brazilian Aquaculture and Fisheries Secretary recently announced a Federal Decree (10576/2020) to boost aquaculture by implementing farming of Nile tilapia in 60 of Brazil's 73 reservoirs ([ 2 ][2]). The Decree also transfers responsibilities, such as permits, licensing, and enforcement—which until now have rightly been the domain of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA)—to the Brazilian Aquaculture and Fisheries Secretary. The Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), a cichlid fish native to Africa, is an invasive species that has spread worldwide ([ 3 ][3]). The ecological impacts associated with its farming are extensive ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]), and these policy changes should be halted before they cause further environmental damage to Brazil's fragile aquatic ecosystems. Politicians are relying on the misplaced idea that if the Nile tilapia escape, wild fishes would prey upon them, and they would not thrive in the reservoirs' depths ([ 2 ][2], [ 5 ][5], [ 6 ][6]). However, there is extensive evidence showing that once the Nile tilapia escapes, it survives, reproduces, establishes populations, and causes environmental and fisheries impacts ([ 7 ][7], [ 8 ][8]). Moreover, cage farming brings negative impacts beyond escapes. The practice can alter reservoirs' abiotic conditions, feed leftovers and fish excrement increase nitrogen (i.e., cause eutrophication), and escaped fish alter the ecosystems' trophic interactions ([ 5 ][5]). There could also be economic fallout: Local fishermen already face damages caused by habitat changes such as artificial lakes and dams ([ 9 ][9]). The addition of cage aquaculture would increase competition for space, decrease the availability of native fish ([ 10 ][10]), and shift or even destroy traditional fisheries. Such losses could be catastrophic, with long-term consequences for the communities ([ 6 ][6], [ 11 ][11]) who live around the reservoirs and adjacent rivers, natural lakes, and streams. In areas of Brazil where invasive alien species were introduced decades ago, regional and national policies have been promoting them to “native” status, “naturalizing” them by decree ([ 6 ][6]). This supposed solution hides the issue rather than offering protection and violates international treaties (such as the Convention on Biological Diversity) as well as invasion science consensus definitions. Given that cage farming of the invasive Nile tilapia threatens native biodiversity ([ 12 ][12]), Brazil must consult the scientific community before proceeding with its plans. 1. [↵][13]1. M. F. G. Brito et al ., Science 361, 139 (2018). [OpenUrl][14][FREE Full Text][15] 2. [↵][16]1. E. 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/312346
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Patricia Charvet,Thiago Vinicius Trento Occhi,Larissa Faria,et al. Tilapia farming threatens Brazil's waters[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Patricia Charvet.,Thiago Vinicius Trento Occhi.,Larissa Faria.,Barbara Carvalho.,Clemerson Richard Pedroso.,...&Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule.(2021).Tilapia farming threatens Brazil's waters.Science.
MLA	Patricia Charvet,et al."Tilapia farming threatens Brazil's waters".Science (2021).