Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
| DOI | 10.1126/science.abg2355 |
| Shortfin mako sharks speeding to the brink | |
| David W. Sims; Gonzalo Mucientes; Nuno Queiroz | |
| 2021-01-22 | |
| 发表期刊 | Science
 |
| 出版年 | 2021 |
| 英文摘要 | Overfishing has reduced abundances of sharks worldwide, with functional extinction of some species in former habitat strongholds ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). The world's fastest shark, the shortfin mako ( Isurus oxyrinchus ), is globally endangered ([ 3 ][3]) but remains overfished in the North Atlantic and in high demand commercially for its meat and fins ([ 3 ][3], [ 4 ][4]). Despite these threats to the species, influential fishing nations continue to block policies that would follow scientific recommendations for rebuilding shortfin mako populations by reducing catches in areas beyond national jurisdictions (the “High Seas”). At the November 2020 Meeting of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), the European Union and United States ignored ICCAT's own scientific advice and blocked a catch retention ban for North Atlantic mako proposed by Canada, Senegal, the United Kingdom, Chinese Taipei, and Gabon ([ 5 ][5]). Blocking a retention ban delays hopes of ending overfishing.
The latest shortfin mako stock assessment estimates that North Atlantic stock recovery can be achieved by 2070 with a 60% chance if the total allowable catch—including dead discards—is less than 300 tons ([ 6 ][6]). However, current catches—excluding discards—are already more than 6 times this number ([ 4 ][4]). Even with zero retention, reducing capture and post-release mortalities will be necessary. An annual mortality of 1100 tons, already greatly exceeded in 2019 ([ 4 ][4]), gives only an 8% chance of rebuilding by 2070 ([ 6 ][6]).
In 2019, shortfin makos were included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, regulating trade for this species ([ 7 ][7]), but additional measures are needed. In addition to reversing course to support a retention ban, the European Union and United States should show appropriate leadership in shark conservation by decreasing fishing effort and implementing area-based management tools (such as marine reserves) ([ 8 ][8]) that are capable of protecting key shark hotspots ([ 9 ][9]). Achieving these as part of a new United Nations High Seas treaty ([ 10 ][10]) may fast become the last management refuge for rebuilding oceanic shark populations.
1. [↵][11]1. D. J. McCauley et al
., Science 347, 1255641 (2015).
[OpenUrl][12][Abstract/FREE Full Text][13]
2. [↵][14]1. M. A. MacNeil et al
., Nature 583, 801 (2019).
[OpenUrl][15]
3. [↵][16]1. C. L. Rigby et al
., Isurus oxyrinchus (The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019).
4. [↵][17]International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, “2020 Standing Committee on Research and Statistics (SCRS) advice to the commission” (Madrid, Spain, 2020).
5. [↵][18]ICCAT, “2020 Commission Documents: Summary Report by the Chair of Panel 4” (Madrid, Spain, 2020).
6. [↵][19]ICCAT, “Report of the 2019 Shortfin Mako Shark Stock Assessment Update Meeting” (Madrid, Spain, 2019); [www.iccat.int/Documents/SCRS/DetRep/SMA\_SA\_ENG.pdf][20]
7. [↵][21]Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, in Resolution Conf. 12.6 (Rev. CoP18) (2019); |
| 领域 | 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
| URL | 查看原文 |
| 引用统计 | |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/312344 |
| 专题 | 气候变化 资源环境科学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | David W. Sims,Gonzalo Mucientes,Nuno Queiroz. Shortfin mako sharks speeding to the brink[J]. Science,2021. |
| APA | David W. Sims,Gonzalo Mucientes,&Nuno Queiroz.(2021).Shortfin mako sharks speeding to the brink.Science. |
| MLA | David W. Sims,et al."Shortfin mako sharks speeding to the brink".Science (2021). |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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