Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa81d9 |
How China's nitrogen footprint of food has changed from 1961 to 2010 | |
Guo, Mengchu1,2,3; Chen, Xiaohui1,2; Bai, Zhaohai3; Jiang, Rongfeng1,2; Galloway, James N.4; Leach, Allison M.5; Cattaneo, Lia R.4; Oenema, Oene6,7; Ma, Lin3; Zhang, Fusuo1,2 | |
2017-10-01 | |
发表期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS |
ISSN | 1748-9326 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 12期号:10 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Peoples R China; USA; Netherlands |
英文摘要 | People have increased the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in the environment as a result of food production methods and consumption choices. However, the connection between dietary choices and environmental impacts over time has not yet been studied in China. Here we combine a nitrogen footprint tool, the N-Calculator, with a food chain model, NUFER (NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources use), to analyze the N footprint of food in China. We use the NUFER model to provide a detailed estimation of the amounts and forms of Nr released to the environment during food production, which is then used to calculate virtual nitrogen factors (VNFs, unit: kg N released/ kg N in product) of major food items. The food N footprint consists of the food consumption N footprint and food production N footprint. The average per capita food N footprint increased from 4.7 kg N capita(-1) yr(-1) in the 1960s to 21 kg N capita(-1) yr(-1) in the 2000s, and the national food N footprint in China increased from 3.4 metric tons (MT) N yr(-1) in the 1960s to 28 MT N yr(-1) in the 2000s. The proportion of the food N footprint that is animal-derived increased from 37% to 54% during this period. The food production N footprint accounted for 84% of the national food N footprint in the 2000s, compared to 62% in the 1960s. More Nr has been added to the food production systems to produce enough food for a growing population that is increasing its per-capita food consumption. The increasing VNFs in China indicate that an increasing amount of Nr is being lost per unit of N embedded in food products consumed by humans in the past five decades. National N losses from food production increased from 6 MT N yr(-1) in the 1960s to 23 MT N yr(-1) in the 2000s. N was lost to the environment in four ways: ammonia (NH3) emissions and dinitrogen (N-2) emissions through denitrification (each account for nearly 40%), N losses to water systems (20%), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (1%). The average per capita food N footprint in China is relatively high compared with those of developed countries in the 2000s. To reduce the food N footprint in China, it is important to both reduce the Nr losses during food production and encourage diets associated with a lower N footprint, such as shifting towards a more plant-based diet. |
英文关键词 | nitrogen footprint virtual nitrogen factor China nitrogen losses |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000412335800001 |
WOS关键词 | REACTIVE NITROGEN ; MANAGEMENT ; LOSSES ; CHAIN ; CYCLE ; SUSTAINABILITY ; PHOSPHORUS ; TRENDS ; FLOWS |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/30952 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.China Agr Univ, MOE, Key Lab Plant Soil Interact, Yuanmingyuan West Rd 2, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China; 2.China Agr Univ, Ctr Resources Environm & Food Secur, Yuanmingyuan West Rd 2, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China; 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Key Lab Agr Water Resources, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, Peoples R China; 4.Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, 291 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA; 5.Univ New Hampshire, Sustainabil Inst, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 107 Nesmith Hall,131 Main St, Durham, NH 03824 USA; 6.Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Soil Qual, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; 7.Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Sci, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Guo, Mengchu,Chen, Xiaohui,Bai, Zhaohai,et al. How China's nitrogen footprint of food has changed from 1961 to 2010[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2017,12(10). |
APA | Guo, Mengchu.,Chen, Xiaohui.,Bai, Zhaohai.,Jiang, Rongfeng.,Galloway, James N..,...&Zhang, Fusuo.(2017).How China's nitrogen footprint of food has changed from 1961 to 2010.ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,12(10). |
MLA | Guo, Mengchu,et al."How China's nitrogen footprint of food has changed from 1961 to 2010".ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 12.10(2017). |
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