Miniaturization of robots that fly on beetles' wings

doi:10.1126/science.abf1925

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abf1925
	Miniaturization of robots that fly on beetles' wings
	Jiyu Sun
	2020-12-04
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2020
英文摘要	For centuries, humans have been fascinated by flight. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) meshed his skills as an artist, biologist, and engineer to sketch designs for flying machines modeled after bird and bat anatomy. Today, multidisciplinary scientists work systematically from investigating biological prototypes to conducting flight performance tests on new bionic robots. On page 1214 of this issue, Phan and Park ([ 1 ][1]) describe how they used biology, robotics, and a little bit of art to design a new miniaturized micro air vehicle (MAV) that is bioinspired by the rhinoceros beetle ( Allomyrina dichotoma ). Their MAV mimics the beetle's hindwings, which have origami-like folds that allow the insect to recover from flight collision. Insects and birds can both fly, but they have different mechanisms and anatomy. Birds use muscles in their wings to control flight movements. Insects control flight with muscles in their wing base or thoracic region and also with the wing's compliant structures, which include folding patterns, small hairs, veins, and the elastic protein resilin. Because miniaturization of MAVs drives the research, scientists increasingly have turned to insects such as beetles for bioinspired MAV blueprints. These robotic devices must be small, lightweight, and robust. They should also exhibit excellent wind resistance, a sustained energy supply, and rapid folding of wings. The anatomy of various organisms can inform MAV-deployable wing design. For example, four-dimensional–printed elastic wings mimic the wing of the earwig ([ 2 ][2]). Four-degrees-of-freedom deformable folding wings ([ 3 ][3]) and passive unfolding wings ([ 4 ][4]) were bioinspired by bats. However, the sizes of these wings are larger than those of beetle-bioinspired wings. Beetles differ from other insects in that their forewings (elytra) are hardened and encased, whereas their hindwings—which they use to fly—are deployable, a feature that directly enables a reduction in body size. Despite their small size, beetles exhibit an impressive flight ability. For Anoplophora glabripennis beetles, the maximum distances traveled in a season are reported to be 2644 m for females and 2394 m for males ([ 5 ][5]). The largest flight distance recorded over the life span of an adult Asian long-horned beetle was more than 14 km ([ 6 ][6]), and their maximum observed flight speed was 5.3 m/s ([ 7 ][7]). Previous beetle-based miniature flying robots have made use of compliant origami structures inspired by the wing vein in lady-bird beetles to achieve gliding and jumping functions ([ 8 ][8]). A mini drone has also been built with deployable wings whose design was based on the origami-like mechanism of insect wings ([ 9 ][9]). Phan and Park report that, in the rhinoceros beetle, the origami-like folds in their hindwings provided a shock-absorbing function during in-flight collisions without completely folding. The authors used this mechanism to build a beetle-inspired, flapping robot that collides without folding its wings, thereby enabling stable flight recovery after collision. Using a high-speed multicamera system, Phan and Park observed that beetle wings unfold by aerodynamic forces produced by flapping and then locked in place to sustain flight. Through experiments with beetles flying between narrow poles at different angles and positions, the authors defined two means by which the insects withstand in-flight collision s. One response involves perching on an obstacle with its legs when it hits the inner, rigid segment of the hindwing. The other response is to continue flight if the obstacle hits the outer, folding segment of the wing, which passively folds and springs back into place when the obstacle is passed. Phan and Park validated the beetle design principle by fabricating a miniature folding wing and integrating it in a previously described, small, flapping-wing robot ([ 10 ][10]). The new miniature MAV displayed both wing unfolding and resilience to an obstacle hitting the outer, folding segment of the wing. This robustness should spur interest in this wing mechanism for aerial robots. Challenges remain for the development of deployable MAVs. Deployment inevitably depends on the fatigue resistance of the MAV wings, which is directly related to the design and use of the MAV. In nature, beetles have resilin in their hindwings at positions that require repeated folding ([ 11 ][11]) or joints that can soften and fold during a collision to avoid damage ([ 12 ][12]). These features can inspire future designs of deployable MAV wings. For flapping MAVs, vibration generated by the drivers, airborne components, and flapping actions can create uncontrolled takeoffs and unstable free flight. Beetles can resolve these problems with flexible elastic biomaterials in their hindwings and joints to absorb the energy caused by vibration. Thus, researchers might consider incorporating these features into MAVs with deployable flapping wings to increase the overall wing strength and flight stability. Future research should also focus on resolving the unsteady aerodynamics problem for MAVs with low Reynolds numbers (the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces). Scientists could then tackle the manufacturing technology for miniaturization of MAV components (such as airfoil and fuselage) and for flight control under unsteady aerodynamics conditions ([ 13 ][13]). 1. [↵][14]1. H. V. Phan, 2. H. C. Park , Science 370, 1214 (2020). [OpenUrl][15][Abstract/FREE Full Text][16] 2. [↵][17]1. J. Deiters, 2. W. Kowalczyk, 3. T. Seidl , Biol. Open 5, 638 (2016). [OpenUrl][18][Abstract/FREE Full Text][19] 3. [↵][20]1. A. Ramezani et al ., Sci. Robot. 2, eaal2505 (2017.) [OpenUrl][21] 4. [↵][22]1. A. K. Stowers, 2. D. Lentink , Bioinspir. Biomim. 10, 025001 (2015). [OpenUrl][23][CrossRef][24][PubMed][25] 5. [↵][26]1. M. T. Smith et al ., Environ. Entomol. 33, 435 (2004). [OpenUrl][27][CrossRef][28] 6. [↵][29]1. M. Javal et al ., J. Appl. Entomol. 142, 282 (2017). [OpenUrl][30] 7. [↵][31]1. D. W. Williams et al ., Environ. Entomol. 33, 644 (2004). [OpenUrl][32][CrossRef][33] 8. [↵][34]1. S. M. Baek et al ., Sci. Robot. 5, eaaz6262 (2020). [OpenUrl][35] 9. [↵][36]1. L. Dufour, 2. K. Owen, 3. S. Mintchev, 4. D. Floreano , 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IEEE, 2016), pp. 1576–1581. 10. [↵][37]1. H. V. Phan et al ., IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett. 5, 5059 (2020). [OpenUrl][38][CrossRef][39] 11. [↵][40]1. F. Haas et al ., Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 267, 1375 (2000). [OpenUrl][41][CrossRef][42][PubMed][43] 12. [↵][44]1. S. Mintchev et al ., IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett. 2, 1248 (2017). [OpenUrl][45] 13. [↵][46]1. J. Sun et al ., J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 94, 63 (2019). [OpenUrl][47] [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #ref-7 [8]: #ref-8 [9]: #ref-9 [10]: #ref-10 [11]: #ref-11 [12]: #ref-12 [13]: #ref-13 [14]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [15]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DPhan%26rft.auinit1%253DH.%2BV.%26rft.volume%253D370%26rft.issue%253D6521%26rft.spage%253D1214%26rft.epage%253D1219%26rft.atitle%253DMechanisms%2Bof%2Bcollision%2Brecovery%2Bin%2Bflying%2Bbeetles%2Band%2Bflapping-wing%2Brobots%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.abd3285%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [16]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEzOiIzNzAvNjUyMS8xMjE0IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjM6Ii9zY2kvMzcwLzY1MjEvMTE2NS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30= [17]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [18]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBiol.%2BOpen%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1242%252Fbio.016527%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F27113958%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [19]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6ODoiYmlvbG9wZW4iO3M6NToicmVzaWQiO3M6NzoiNS81LzYzOCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIzOiIvc2NpLzM3MC82NTIxLzExNjUuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9 [20]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [21]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DSci.%2BRobot.%26rft.volume%253D2%26rft.spage%253Deaal2505%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [22]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [23]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBioinspir.%2BBiomim.%26rft.volume%253D10%26rft.spage%253D025001%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1088%252F1748-3190%252F10%252F2%252F025001%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25807583%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [24]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1088/1748-3190/10/2/025001&link_type=DOI [25]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=25807583&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F370%2F6521%2F1165.atom [26]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [27]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEnviron.%2BEntomol.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1603%252F0046-225X-33.2.435%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [28]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1603/0046-225X-33.2.435&link_type=DOI [29]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [30]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BAppl.%2BEntomol.%26rft.volume%253D142%26rft.spage%253D282%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [31]: #xref-ref-7-1 "View reference 7 in text" [32]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEnviron.%2BEntomol.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1603%252F0046-225X-33.3.644%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [33]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1603/0046-225X-33.3.644&link_type=DOI [34]: #xref-ref-8-1 "View reference 8 in text" [35]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DSci.%2BRobot.%26rft.volume%253D5%26rft.spage%253D6262eaaz%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [36]: #xref-ref-9-1 "View reference 9 in text" [37]: #xref-ref-10-1 "View reference 10 in text" [38]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DIEEE%2BRobot.%2BAutom.%2BLett.%26rft.volume%253D5%26rft.spage%253D5059%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1109%252FLRA.2020.3005127%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [39]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1109/LRA.2020.3005127&link_type=DOI [40]: #xref-ref-11-1 "View reference 11 in text" [41]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DProceedings%2Bof%2Bthe%2BRoyal%2BSociety%2BB%253A%2BBiological%2BSciences%26rft.stitle%253DProc%2BR%2BSoc%2BB%26rft.aulast%253DHaas%26rft.auinit1%253DF.%26rft.volume%253D267%26rft.issue%253D1451%26rft.spage%253D1375%26rft.epage%253D1381%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Bfunction%2Bof%2Bresilin%2Bin%2Bbeetle%2Bwings%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1098%252Frspb.2000.1153%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10983820%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [42]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1098/rspb.2000.1153&link_type=DOI [43]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10983820&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F370%2F6521%2F1165.atom [44]: #xref-ref-12-1 "View reference 12 in text" [45]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DIEEE%2BRobot.%2BAutom.%2BLett.%26rft.volume%253D2%26rft.spage%253D1248%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [46]: #xref-ref-13-1 "View reference 13 in text" [47]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BMech.%2BBehav.%2BBiomed.%2BMater.%26rft.volume%253D94%26rft.spage%253D63%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/305822
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jiyu Sun. Miniaturization of robots that fly on beetles' wings[J]. Science,2020.
APA	Jiyu Sun.(2020).Miniaturization of robots that fly on beetles' wings.Science.
MLA	Jiyu Sun."Miniaturization of robots that fly on beetles' wings".Science (2020).