Aquaculture jeopardizes migrating Oriental storks

doi:10.1126/science.abf2089

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abf2089
	Aquaculture jeopardizes migrating Oriental storks
	Yanfeng Sun; Liqiang Du; Yuan Yin; Yuefeng Wu; Aijun Cai; Dongming Li
	2020-11-06
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2020
英文摘要	The Oriental stork ( Ciconia boyciana ), once the most common bird of the Far East, is now listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and classified as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN's) Red List ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). Over the past few decades, illegal poaching, habitat loss, and environmental pollution have caused a decline in the Oriental stork population in its Northeast Asian breeding grounds ([ 3 ][3]). Fewer than 3000 individuals remained worldwide by 2018 ([ 2 ][2]). The Oriental stork now faces a severe survival threat at migratory stopover sites in China's Bohai coastal region, where human disturbances drive habitat degradation ([ 4 ][4]). The Qilihai and Caofeidian wetland reserves, located north of the Bohai Bay, are the most important stopover sites for the Oriental stork ([ 5 ][5]). More than 2000 individuals refuel in these wetlands during their fall migration ([ 6 ][6]). However, large areas of these reserves (including about 80 to 90% of the Caofeidian wetland) have been leased to aquacultural farmers to create fishponds ([ 7 ][7]). The farmers dislike foraging storks and often try to scare them away with firecrackers ([ 4 ][4]). For aquaculture, wetlands are maintained at a relatively high water level, which makes foraging difficult for storks and prevents them from finding enough food ([ 4 ][4]). As a result, the storks relocate to private fishponds, where they face an increased risk of poisoning and poaching. In 2019, 19 storks were poisoned in the Qilihai and Caofeidian wetlands ([ 8 ][8]). The Oriental stork has been categorized as a terrestrial species under state protection (with a beneficial, economic, or scientific value) since 2000 ([ 9 ][9]), but the species' extremely limited population size indicates that this designation is not enough. To better protect the Oriental stork, the Chinese government is currently updating the special state protection list and changing the protection of this bird to the highest first-class level ([ 10 ][10]). In addition, immediate habitat restoration is required. Fishponds in protected areas must be restored to natural wetlands to create favorable living conditions and reverse population decline. Local governments should rapidly formulate eco-compensation measures and publicize wildlife protection to mediate human-bird conflicts. Only by taking action to protect this species and its habitat can we prevent its looming extinction. 1. [↵][11]CITES, “Appendices” (2020); . 2. [↵][12]BirdLife International, “Ciconia boyciana” (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018). 3. [↵][13]1. Y. Yamada et al ., Ecol. Res. 34, 277 (2019). [OpenUrl][14] 4. [↵][15]IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic, and Social Policy, “A reflection on protected areas in serving wildlife migration: Endangered Oriental storks” (2019). 5. [↵][16]1. W. Peng et al ., Int. J. Ecol. 9, 108 (2020) [in Chinese]. [OpenUrl][17] 6. [↵][18]1. Z. J. Zhao , Avifauna of China (Jilin Science and Technology Press, vol. 1, 2001) [in Chinese]. 7. [↵][19]“Ninety percent of Caofeidian wetland was outsourced and turned into fishponds” [China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF), 2019]. 8. [↵][20]“In-depth analysis of ‘murder’ on the journey: What's behind the continuous death of Oriental white stork? Is it a ‘gang’ crime?” (CBCGDF, 2019); [www.cbcgdf.org/NewsShow/4854/10817.html][21] [in Chinese]. 9. [↵][22]National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Government of China, “Lists of terrestrial wildlife under state protection, which are beneficial or of important economic or scientific value” (2000); [www.forestry.gov.cn/main/3954/content-959027.html][23] [in Chinese]. 10. [↵][24]National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Government of China, “List of wildlife under special state protection (draft)” (2020); [www.forestry.gov.cn/main/153/20200619/092731170435586.html][25] [in Chinese]. 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/301979
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yanfeng Sun,Liqiang Du,Yuan Yin,et al. Aquaculture jeopardizes migrating Oriental storks[J]. Science,2020.
APA	Yanfeng Sun,Liqiang Du,Yuan Yin,Yuefeng Wu,Aijun Cai,&Dongming Li.(2020).Aquaculture jeopardizes migrating Oriental storks.Science.
MLA	Yanfeng Sun,et al."Aquaculture jeopardizes migrating Oriental storks".Science (2020).