Pragmatic animal welfare is independent of feelings

doi:10.1126/science.abe3397

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abe3397
	Pragmatic animal welfare is independent of feelings
	Robert Arlinghaus; Ian G. Cowx; Brian Key; Ben K. Diggles; Alexander Schwab; Steven J. Cooke; Anne Berit Skiftesvik; Howard I. Browman
	2020-10-09
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2020
英文摘要	In their Policy Forum “Engage with animal welfare in conservation” (7 August, p.[629][1]), N. Sekar and D. Shiller state that the “overwhelming evidence that animals think and feel” is the basis for their call to include animal welfare in conservation practices. This feelings-based approach is problematic because there is substantial scientific uncertainty about whether taxa such as fish are sentient and, therefore, able to feel pain and suffer ([ 1 ][2], [ 2 ][3]). In recreational fishing, animal welfare concepts are embedded in global international conservation policies ([ 3 ][4], [ 4 ][5]) and in local welfare actions ([ 5 ][6]), despite the uncertainty about fish sentience. These activities are motivated by the reality that fish populations are composed of individuals whose well-being is important to the conservation of populations and fisheries, regardless of whether the animal is able to think and feel. Moreover, many users of fish respect the life, function, and welfare of individual fish and act accordingly, independent of whether they think that the animal can feel pain ([ 5 ][6], [ 6 ][7]). An effective application of animal welfare in conservation is possible—and is perhaps more effective and convincing to stakeholders—without invoking or relying on concepts such as consciousness, sentience, or pain ([ 5 ][6], [ 7 ][8]). A pragmatic approach to animal welfare that relies on objective and measurable endpoints of animal well-being is more likely to gain support among stakeholders and be implemented in practice than a feelings-based framework that is based on concepts that are difficult to define and cannot be readily measured in many taxa ([ 5 ][6], [ 7 ][8]). 1. [↵][9]1. J. D. Rose et al ., Fish Fish. 15, 97 (2014). [OpenUrl][10] 2. [↵][11]1. B. Key , Biol. Phil. 30, 149 (2015). [OpenUrl][12] 3. [↵][13]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), “FAO technical guidelines for responsible fisheries recreational fisheries” (2012). 4. [↵][14]European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC), “EIFAC code of practice for recreational fisheries” (FAO, 2008). 5. [↵][15]1. R. Arlinghaus et al ., J. Fish Biol. 75, 2448 (2009). [OpenUrl][16][CrossRef][17][PubMed][18] 6. [↵][19]1. J. C. Evans , With Respect for Nature: Living as Part of the Natural World (Sunypress, 2015). 7. [↵][20]1. M. S. Dawkins , J. Zool. 301, 1 (2017). [OpenUrl][21] This piece reflects the views of the authors and not those of their organizations or relevant funding sources. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/369/6504/629 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #ref-3 [5]: #ref-4 [6]: #ref-5 [7]: #ref-6 [8]: #ref-7 [9]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [10]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DFish%2BFish.%26rft.volume%253D15%26rft.spage%253D97%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [11]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [12]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBiol.%2BPhil.%26rft.volume%253D30%26rft.spage%253D149%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [13]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [15]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [16]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2BFish%2BBiology%26rft.stitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2BFish%2BBiology%26rft.aulast%253DArlinghaus%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%26rft.volume%253D75%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D2448%26rft.epage%253D2463%26rft.atitle%253DContrasting%2Bpragmatic%2Band%2Bsuffering-centred%2Bapproaches%2Bto%2Bfish%2Bwelfare%2Bin%2Brecreational%2Bangling.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252Fj.1095-8649.2009.02466.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20738501%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [17]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02466.x&link_type=DOI [18]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=20738501&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F370%2F6513%2F180.1.atom [19]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [20]: #xref-ref-7-1 "View reference 7 in text" [21]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BZool.%26rft.volume%253D301%26rft.spage%253D1%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/298076
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Robert Arlinghaus,Ian G. Cowx,Brian Key,et al. Pragmatic animal welfare is independent of feelings[J]. Science,2020.
APA	Robert Arlinghaus.,Ian G. Cowx.,Brian Key.,Ben K. Diggles.,Alexander Schwab.,...&Howard I. Browman.(2020).Pragmatic animal welfare is independent of feelings.Science.
MLA	Robert Arlinghaus,et al."Pragmatic animal welfare is independent of feelings".Science (2020).