| 英文摘要 | In December 2019, the European Commission announced The European Green Deal, a plan to facilitate a transition to sustainability with the goal of making Europe climate neutral by 2050 ([ 1 ][1]). Green Deal objectives include preserving and restoring biodiversity and reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases ([ 1 ][1]). The EU Parliament adopted a resolution supporting these environmental goals in January ([ 2 ][2]). Lisbon, Portugal's capital, has been designated the European Green Capital 2020 for spearheading sustainability efforts ([ 3 ][3]). However, Lisbon's airport has reached capacity, and plans to build an additional airport are at odds with Green Deal objectives.
The proposed location for the new airport is a peninsula at the heart of the Tagus estuary ([ 4 ][4]), a vast coastal wetland of key importance for breeding, wintering, and passing migratory birds in the East Atlantic Flyway ([ 5 ][5], [ 6 ][6]). This wetland is a major hub linking Palearctic and Nearctic breeding areas with Afro-tropical wintering areas for an estimated 300,000 waterbirds and many other migratory bird species. The region is protected under national legislation, EU directives, and international conventions ([ 5 ][5]–[ 7 ][7]). However, the privately funded proposed airport received an environmental license in early 2020 ([ 8 ][8]), and, despite the aviation sector facing unprecedented reductions in activity due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ([ 9 ][9]), the Portuguese government reiterated in July its intentions to go forward with this new infrastructure ([ 10 ][10]).
By expanding its airport capacity, this EU member state will deliver a negative contribution toward climate targets by neither retiring nor halting new infrastructure ([ 11 ][11]), as well as threaten biodiversity through negative, permanent, and irreversible effects on bird species in an EU-designated protected area. These species already face massive declines globally [(e.g., ([ 12 ][12])]. We urge the Portuguese government and the European Union to put the Green Deal into action by abandoning this project.
1. [↵][13]“The European Green Deal” [COM(2019) 640, European Commission, 2019]; .
2. [↵][14]“European Parliament resolution of 15 January 2020 on the European Green Deal” [2019/2956(RSP), European Parliament, 2020]; [www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0005_EN.html][15].
3. [↵][16]“European Green Capital” [European Commission, 2018]; .
4. [↵][17]“Estudo de Impacte Ambiental 2019: Aeroporto do Montijo e respetivas acessibilidades” (Resumo Não Técnico, Profico Ambiente, 2019); [https://siaia.apambiente.pt/AIADOC/AIA3280/vol%20i\_rnt\_eia_am2019726195328.pdf][18] [in Portuguese].
5. [↵][19]1. J. A. Alves et al
., Anuário Ornitológico 9, 66 (2012).
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6. [↵][21]1. D. Leitão,
2. P. Catry,
3. H. Costa,
4. G. L. Elias,
5. L. M. Reino
, As Aves do Estuário do Tejo (ICN, 1998) [in Portuguese].
7. [↵][22]1. M. F. Heath,
2. M. I. Evans,
3. D. G. Hoccom,
4. A. J. Payne,
5. N. B. Peet
, Eds., Important Bird Areas in Europe: Priority Sites for Conservation Volume 2 (Birdlife International, 2000).
8. [↵][23]“TUA” (TUA20200121000037, Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente, 2020); [https://siaia.apambiente.pt/AIADOC/AIA3280/aia3280\_dia\_tua202012217290.pdf][24] [in Portuguese].
9. [↵][25]1. C. Le Quéré et al
., Nat. Clim. Change 10, 647 (2020).
[OpenUrl][26]
10. [↵][27]“Governo espera ‘convencer’ Moita e Seixal a darem parecer positivo ao aeroporto,” Público (2020); [www.publico.pt/2020/07/21/economia/noticia/governo-espera-convencer-moita-seixal-darem-parecer-positivo-aeroporto-1925354][28] [in Portuguese].
11. [↵][29]1. D. Tong et al
., Nature 572, 373 (2019).
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12. [↵][31]1. K. V. Rosenberg et al
., Science 366, 120 (2019).
[OpenUrl][32][Abstract/FREE Full Text][33]
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