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DOI | 10.5194/acp-18-8909-2018 |
Impact of surface and near-surface processes on ice crystal concentrations measured at mountain-top research stations | |
Beck, Alexander1; Henneberger, Jan1; Fugal, Jacob P.2; David, Robert O.1; Lacher, Larissa1; Lohmann, Ulrike1 | |
2018-06-27 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 18期号:12页码:8909-8927 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Switzerland; Germany |
英文摘要 | In situ cloud observations at mountain-top research stations regularly measure ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) orders of magnitudes higher than expected from measurements of ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations. Thus, several studies suggest that mountaintop in situ cloud microphysical measurements are influenced by surface processes, e.g., blowing snow, hoar frost or riming on snow-covered trees, rocks and the snow surface. This limits the relevance of such measurements for the study of microphysical properties and processes in free-floating clouds. This study assesses the impact of surface processes on in situ cloud observations at the Sonnblick Observatory in the Hohen Tauern region, Austria. Vertical profiles of ICNCs above a snow-covered surface were observed up to a height of 10 m. The ICNC decreases at least by a factor of 2 at 10m if the ICNC at the surface is larger than 100 L-1. This decrease can be up to 1 order of magnitude during in-cloud conditions and reached its maximum of more than 2 orders of magnitudes when the station was not in cloud. For one case study, the ICNC for regular and irregular ice crystals showed a similar relative decrease with height. This suggests that either surface processes produce both irregular and regular ice crystals or other effects modify the ICNCs near the surface. Therefore, two near-surface processes are proposed to enrich ICNCs near the surface. Either sedimenting ice crystals are captured in a turbulent layer above the surface or the ICNC is enhanced in a convergence zone because the cloud is forced over a mountain. These two processes would also have an impact on ICNCs measured at mountain-top stations if the surrounding surface is not snow covered. Conclusively, this study strongly suggests that ICNCs measured at mountain-top stations are not representative of the properties of a cloud further away from the surface. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000436460900001 |
WOS关键词 | MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS ; BLOWING SNOW ; PARTICLE HABITS ; NUCLEATION ; FRAGMENTATION ; PRECIPITATION ; PROFILES |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/29456 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; 2.Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, JJ Becherweg 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Beck, Alexander,Henneberger, Jan,Fugal, Jacob P.,et al. Impact of surface and near-surface processes on ice crystal concentrations measured at mountain-top research stations[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2018,18(12):8909-8927. |
APA | Beck, Alexander,Henneberger, Jan,Fugal, Jacob P.,David, Robert O.,Lacher, Larissa,&Lohmann, Ulrike.(2018).Impact of surface and near-surface processes on ice crystal concentrations measured at mountain-top research stations.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,18(12),8909-8927. |
MLA | Beck, Alexander,et al."Impact of surface and near-surface processes on ice crystal concentrations measured at mountain-top research stations".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 18.12(2018):8909-8927. |
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