Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/ab8031 |
Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa | |
Lapworth, D. J.1; MacDonald, A. M.2; Kebede, S.3; Owor, M.4; Chavula, G.5; Pallas, H.2; Wilson, P.6; Ward, J. S. T.1; Lark, M.7; Okullo, J.4; Mwathunga, E.8; Banda, S.8; Gwengweya, G.8; Nedaw, D.3; Jumbo, S.9; Banks, E.10; Cook, P.10; Casey, V11 | |
2020-06-01 | |
发表期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS |
ISSN | 1748-9326 |
出版年 | 2020 |
卷号 | 15期号:6 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | England; Scotland; Ethiopia; Uganda; Malawi; North Ireland; Australia |
英文摘要 | Groundwater provides a vital source of drinking water for rural communities in many parts of Africa, particularly in the dry season when there are few safe alternative sources. This paper summarises results from a study (n = 428) assessing dry season water quality, both microbiological and inorganic chemistry, in handpump equipped boreholes (HPBs) across the Ethiopia Highlands (n = 142), Malawi (n = 162) and Uganda (n = 124) using a stratified, randomised sampling design. This study seeks to examine general water quality by randomly sampling rural groundwater supplies across larger areas with different geology and climate. The majority, 72%, of HPBs surveyed provide good quality dry season drinking water as defined by WHO drinking water quality criteria. Within this overall picture, the most notable constraints were from thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs), which exceeded the WHO drinking water guideline of zero colony forming units (cfu/100 ml) in 21% of sites (range 0-626 cfu/100 ml). TTC contamination was found to have a significant and positive correlation with annual average rainfall (rho = 0.2, p = 0.00003). Across all three countries, WHO health based chemical drinking water quality values were exceeded at 9% of sites and were found for manganese (4%), fluoride (2.6%) and nitrate (2.5%); arsenic concentrations were below the guideline value of 10 mu g l(-1)(range < 0.5-7 mu g l(-1)). The high percentage of Mn exceedances (14% +/- 5.2% >400 mu g l(-1)) found in drinking water sources in Uganda challenges the decision by WHO not to formalise a health-based guideline for Mn. While the overall level of microbiological contamination from HPBs is low, results from this study strongly suggest that at a national and regional level, microbiological contamination rather than chemical contamination will provide a greater barrier to achieving targets set for improved drinking water quality under the UN-SDG 6. Efforts should be made to ensure that boreholes are properly sited and constructed effectively to reduce pathogen contamination. |
英文关键词 | groundwater water quality boreholes handpumps SDG 6 Africa climate |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000541789300001 |
WOS关键词 | CLIMATE-CHANGE ; GROUNDWATER QUALITY ; FECAL CONTAMINATION ; AQUIFER SYSTEM ; EXPOSURE ; VALLEY ; RESILIENCE ; SALINITY ; SUPPLIES ; SECURITY |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/289343 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.British Geol Survey, Maclean Bldg, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England; 2.British Geol Survey, Lyell Ctr, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Midlothian, Scotland; 3.Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 4.Makerere Univ, Dept Geol & Petr Studies, Kampala, Uganda; 5.Univ Malawi, Dept Civil Engn, Blantyre, Malawi; 6.British Geol Survey, Geol Survey Northern Ireland, Dept Enterprise Trade & Investment, Dundonald House,Upper Newtownards Rd, Belfast BT4 3SB, Antrim, North Ireland; 7.Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England; 8.Univ Malawi, Chancellor Coll, Zomba, Malawi; 9.WaterAid Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; 10.Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Sci & Engn, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; 11.WaterAid UK, London SE11 5JD, England |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Lapworth, D. J.,MacDonald, A. M.,Kebede, S.,et al. Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2020,15(6). |
APA | Lapworth, D. J..,MacDonald, A. M..,Kebede, S..,Owor, M..,Chavula, G..,...&Casey, V.(2020).Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa.ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,15(6). |
MLA | Lapworth, D. J.,et al."Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa".ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 15.6(2020). |
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