Summer ammonia measurements in a densely populated Mediterranean city

doi:10.5194/acp-12-7557-2012

GSTDTAP > 地球科学

DOI	10.5194/acp-12-7557-2012
	Summer ammonia measurements in a densely populated Mediterranean city
	M. Pandolfi, F. Amato, C. Reche, A. Alastuey, R. P. Otjes, M. J. Blom, and X. Querol
	2012-08-20
发表期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
出版年	2012
英文摘要	Real-time measurements of ambient concentrations of gas-phase ammonia (NH₃) were performed in Barcelona (NE Spain) in summer between May and September 2011. Two measurement sites were selected: one in an urban background traffic-influenced area (UB) and the other in the historical city centre (CC). Levels of NH₃ were higher at CC (5.6 ± 2.1 μg m⁻³ or 7.5 ± 2.8 ppbv) compared with UB (2.2 ± 1.0 μg m⁻³ or 2.9 ± 1.3 ppbv). This difference is attributed to the contribution from non-traffic sources such as waste containers, sewage systems, humans and open markets more dense in the densely populated historical city centre. Under high temperatures in summer these sources had the potential to increase the ambient levels of NH₃ well above the urban-background-traffic-influenced UB measurement station. Measurements were used to assess major local emissions, sinks and diurnal evolution of NH₃. The measured levels of NH₃, especially high in the old city, may contribute to the high mean annual concentrations of secondary sulfate and nitrate measured in Barcelona compared with other cities in Spain affected by high traffic intensity. Ancillary measurements, including PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM₁ levels (Particulate Matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm, 2.5 μm, and 1 μm), gases and black carbon concentrations and meteorological data, were performed during the measurement campaign. The analysis of specific periods (3 special cases) during the campaign revealed that road traffic was a significant source of NH₃. However, its effect was more evident at UB compared with CC where it was masked given the high levels of NH₃ from non-traffic sources measured in the old city. The relationship between SO₄²⁻ daily concentrations and gas-fraction ammonia (NH₃/(NH₃ + NH₄⁺)) revealed that the gas-to-particle phase partitioning (volatilization or ammonium salts formation) also played an important role in the evolution of NH₃ concentration in summer in Barcelona.
领域	地球科学
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/288079
专题	地球科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	M. Pandolfi, F. Amato, C. Reche, A. Alastuey, R. P. Otjes, M. J. Blom, and X. Querol. Summer ammonia measurements in a densely populated Mediterranean city[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012.
APA	M. Pandolfi, F. Amato, C. Reche, A. Alastuey, R. P. Otjes, M. J. Blom, and X. Querol.(2012).Summer ammonia measurements in a densely populated Mediterranean city.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.
MLA	M. Pandolfi, F. Amato, C. Reche, A. Alastuey, R. P. Otjes, M. J. Blom, and X. Querol."Summer ammonia measurements in a densely populated Mediterranean city".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2012).