资源环境科技发展态势分析平台

Ensemble Forecast Operations (EFO) is a risk‐based approach of reservoir flood control operations that incorporates ensemble streamflow predictions (ESPs) made by the California‐Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC). Each member of an ESP is individually modeled to forecast system conditions and calculate risk of reaching critical operational thresholds. Reservoir release decisions are simulated to manage forecasted risk with respect to established risk tolerance levels. EFO was developed for Lake Mendocino, a 111,000 acre‐foot reservoir near Ukiah, California, to evaluate its viability to improve reservoir storage reliability without increasing downstream flood risk. Lake Mendocino is a dual use reservoir, owned and operated for flood control by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and operated for water supply by Sonoma Water. EFO was simulated using a 26‐year (1985‐2010) ESP hindcast generated by the CNRFC, which provides 61‐member ensembles of 15‐day flow forecasts. EFO simulations yield generally higher storage levels during the flood management season while maintaining needed flood storage capacity by strategically pre‐releasing water in advance of forecasted storms. Model results demonstrate a 33% increase in median storage at the end of the flood management season (May 10) over existing operations without marked changes in flood frequency for locations downstream from Lake Mendocino. EFO may be a viable alternative for managing flood control operations at Lake Mendocino that provides multiple benefits (water supply, flood mitigation and ecosystems) and provides a management framework that could be adapted and applied to other flood control reservoirs.