Concentrations and biosphere&ndash;atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest

doi:10.5194/acp-2020-586

GSTDTAP > 地球科学

DOI	10.5194/acp-2020-586
	Concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest
	Robbie Ramsay, Chiara F. Di Marco, Matthias Sörgel, Mathew R. Heal, Samara Carbone, Paulo Artaxo, Alessandro C. de Araùjo, Marta Sá, Christopher Pöhlker, Jost Lavric, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Eiko Nemitz
	2020-07-13
发表期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
出版年	2020
英文摘要	The Amazon rainforest presents a unique, natural laboratory for the study of surface-atmosphere interactions. Its alternation between a near-pristine, marine-influenced atmosphere during the wet season, and a vulnerable system affected by periodic intrusions of anthropogenic pollution during the dry season, provides an opportunity to investigate some fundamental aspects of boundary-layer chemical processes. This study presents the first simultaneous hourly measurements of concentrations, fluxes and deposition velocities of the inorganic trace gases NH₃, HCl, HONO, HNO₃ and SO₂ and their water-soluble aerosol counterparts NH₄⁺, Cl⁻, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ over the Amazon. Species concentrations were measured in the dry season (from 6 October to 5 November 2017), at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) in Brazil, using a two-point gradient, wet-chemistry instrument (Gradient of Aerosols and Gases Online Registration, GRAEGOR) sampling at 42 m and 60 m. Fluxes and deposition velocities were derived from the concentration gradients using a modified form of the aerodynamic gradient method corrected for measurement within the roughness sub-layer. Findings from this campaign include observations of elevated concentrations of NH₃ and SO₂ partially driven by long-range transport (LRT) episodes of pollution, and the substantial influence of coarse Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ particulate on overall aerosol mass burdens. From the flux measurements, the dry season budget of total reactive nitrogen dry deposition at the ATTO site was estimated as −2.9 kg N ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. HNO₃ and HCl were deposited continuously at a rate close to the aerodynamic limit. SO₂ was deposited with an average daytime surface resistance (R_c) of 28 s m⁻¹, whilst aerosol components showed average surface deposition velocities of 2.8 and 2.7 mm s⁻¹ for SO₄²⁻ and NH₄⁺. Deposition rates of NO₃ and Cl⁻ were higher at 7.1 and 7.8 mm s⁻¹, reflecting their larger average size. The exchange of NH₃ and HONO was bi-directional, with NH₃ showing emission episodes in the afternoon and HONO in the early morning hours. This work provides a unique dataset to test and improve dry deposition schemes for these compounds for tropical rain forest, which have typically been developed by interpolation from conditions in temperate environments. A future campaign should focus on making similar measurements in the wet season in order to provide a complete view of the annual pattern of inorganic trace gas and coarse aerosol biosphere-atmosphere exchange over tropical rainforest.
领域	地球科学
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/284232
专题	地球科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Robbie Ramsay, Chiara F. Di Marco, Matthias Sörgel, Mathew R. Heal, Samara Carbone, Paulo Artaxo, Alessandro C. de Araùjo, Marta Sá, Christopher Pöhlker, Jost Lavric, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Eiko Nemitz. Concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2020.
APA	Robbie Ramsay, Chiara F. Di Marco, Matthias Sörgel, Mathew R. Heal, Samara Carbone, Paulo Artaxo, Alessandro C. de Araùjo, Marta Sá, Christopher Pöhlker, Jost Lavric, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Eiko Nemitz.(2020).Concentrations and biosphere–atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.
MLA	Robbie Ramsay, Chiara F. Di Marco, Matthias Sörgel, Mathew R. Heal, Samara Carbone, Paulo Artaxo, Alessandro C. de Araùjo, Marta Sá, Christopher Pöhlker, Jost Lavric, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Eiko Nemitz."Concentrations and biosphere–atmosphere fluxes of inorganic trace gases and associated ionic aerosol counterparts over the Amazon rainforest".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2020).