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DOI | 10.1175/JAS-D-19-0352.1 |
Contributions of the Liquid and Ice Phases to Global Surface Precipitation: Observations and Global Climate Modeling | |
Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Schmitt, Carl; Chen, Chih-Chieh-Jack; Bansemer, Aaron; Gettelman, Andrew; Field, Paul R.; Liu, Chuntao | |
2020-08-01 | |
发表期刊 | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |
出版年 | 2020 |
英文摘要 | This study is the first to reach a global view of the precipitation process partitioning, using a combination of satellite and global climate modeling data. The pathways investigated are 1) precipitating ice (ice/snow/graupel) that forms above the freezing level and melts to produce rain (S) followed by additional condensation and collection as the melted precipitating ice falls to the surface (R); 2) growth completely through condensation and collection (coalescence), warm rain (W); and 3) precipitating ice (primarily snow) that falls to the surface (SS). To quantify the amounts, data from satellite-based radar measurements—CloudSat, GPM, and TRMM—are used, as well as climate model simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the Met Office Unified Model (UM). Total precipitation amounts and the fraction of the total precipitation amount for each of the pathways is examined latitudinally, regionally, and globally. Carefully examining the contributions from the satellite-based products leads to the conclusion that about 57% of Earth’s precipitation follows pathway S, 15% R, 23% W, and 5% SS, each with an uncertainty of ±5%. The percentages differ significantly from the global climate model results, with the UM indicating smaller fractional S, more R, and more SS; and CAM showing appreciably greater S, negative R (indicating net evaporation below the melting layer), a much larger percentage of W and much less SS. Possible reasons for the wide differences between the satellite- and model-based results are discussed. |
领域 | 地球科学 ; 气候变化 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/283284 |
专题 | 地球科学 气候变化 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Heymsfield, Andrew J.,Schmitt, Carl,Chen, Chih-Chieh-Jack,et al. Contributions of the Liquid and Ice Phases to Global Surface Precipitation: Observations and Global Climate Modeling[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2020. |
APA | Heymsfield, Andrew J..,Schmitt, Carl.,Chen, Chih-Chieh-Jack.,Bansemer, Aaron.,Gettelman, Andrew.,...&Liu, Chuntao.(2020).Contributions of the Liquid and Ice Phases to Global Surface Precipitation: Observations and Global Climate Modeling.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. |
MLA | Heymsfield, Andrew J.,et al."Contributions of the Liquid and Ice Phases to Global Surface Precipitation: Observations and Global Climate Modeling".Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (2020). |
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