资源环境科技发展态势分析平台

The turnover of groundwater through recharge drives many processes throughout Earth's surface and subsurface. Yet groundwater turnover rates and their relationship to regional climate and geology remain largely unknown. We estimated that over 200x10(6)km(3) of groundwater has recharged since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which is 10 times the volume of global groundwater storage. However, flushing is very unevenly distributed throughout Earth's one million watersheds, with some aquifers turned over thousands of times to others with <1% turnover. The median global groundwater turnover of 53 times since the LGM highlights groundwater's active role in Earth system processes. Incomplete groundwater turnover since the LGM beneath a third of land areas reveals the imprint of relict climate conditions on modern-day groundwater resources. The bulk groundwater turnover calculated here enables better quantification of groundwater's impact in dynamic global water budgets and the transport of nutrients, contaminants, and geologic weathering products.

Plain Language Summary The duration groundwater spends in an aquifer sets how long it is sequestered from the rest of the hydrologic cycle, where it can interact with the surrounding matrix and transport dissolved chemicals to and from the land surface. Over geologic timescales, these interactions transform landscapes, affect global climate, and regulate water resource sustainability and quality. We present how much groundwater has recharged since the Last Glacial Maximum and where groundwater on Earth is associated with previous climate conditions.