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DOI | 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104719 |
High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than-8 degrees C | |
Yang, Jing1,2; Wang, Zhien3; Heymsfield, Andrew J.4; DeMott, Paul J.5; Twohy, Cynthia H.6; Suski, Kaitlyn J.7,8; Toohey, Darin W.3 | |
2020-03-01 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH |
ISSN | 0169-8095 |
EISSN | 1873-2895 |
出版年 | 2020 |
卷号 | 233 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Peoples R China; USA |
英文摘要 | In this study, airborne in situ measurements of ice concentrations in mixed-phase clouds over the tropical ocean sampled during the Ice in Clouds Experiment (ICE-T) project are analyzed. High concentrations of ice larger than 250 mu m in diameter (0.05-10 L-1) were observed in three shallow stratiform clouds whose top temperatures were warmer than -8 degrees C. The observed ice particles were mostly needles and columns, which are preferred ice crystal shapes between -3 degrees C and - 8 degrees C. Drizzle size drops (> 100 mu m in diameter) were also observed. Biological particles are a potential source of ice nucleating particles (INPs), however, any direct connection to the high ice concentrations observed in the stratiform clouds at temperatures warmer than -8 degrees C could not be shown, because the observed INP concentrations were 3 orders of magnitude lower than the ice concentrations. Simulations using a parcel model suggest that secondary ice mechanisms, such as the Hallett-Mossop process and fragmentation of freezing drops, which were often assumed previously to be the explanation for observed high ice concentration, cannot fully explain the observed high ice concentration in these shallow stratiform clouds either. The Hallett-Mossop process and fragmentation of freezing drops are important to the strong ice production only in clouds with relatively high concentration of large drops and rimed graupel observed, such as convective clouds. Therefore, other potential ice generation mechanisms, such as droplet collisional freezing and pre-activated INPs, which are still poorly understood, could play significant roles in tropical stratiform and convective mixed-phase clouds. |
英文关键词 | High ice concentration Stratiform cloud Warm temperature Aircraft observation Parcel model simulation |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000513180200016 |
WOS关键词 | BIOLOGICAL AEROSOL-PARTICLES ; WATER ; MICROPHYSICS ; NUCLEATION ; CRYSTALS ; VELOCITY ; LIQUID ; GROWTH ; MODEL ; TIME |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/278806 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Key Lab Aerosol Cloud Precipitat China Meteorol A, Nanjing, Peoples R China; 2.China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Cloud & Fog Phys Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China; 3.Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 4.Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; 5.Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; 6.NorthWest Res Associates, Redmond, WA USA; 7.Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92103 USA; 8.Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Yang, Jing,Wang, Zhien,Heymsfield, Andrew J.,et al. High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than-8 degrees C[J]. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH,2020,233. |
APA | Yang, Jing.,Wang, Zhien.,Heymsfield, Andrew J..,DeMott, Paul J..,Twohy, Cynthia H..,...&Toohey, Darin W..(2020).High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than-8 degrees C.ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH,233. |
MLA | Yang, Jing,et al."High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than-8 degrees C".ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 233(2020). |
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