Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.5194/acp-20-4787-2020 |
Trends and emissions of six perfluorocarbons in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere | |
Droste, Elise S.1; 39;Doherty, Simon2 | |
2020-04-24 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2020 |
卷号 | 20期号:8页码:4787-4807 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | England; Malaysia; Taiwan; Australia; Germany; Chile |
英文摘要 | Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are potent greenhouse gases with global warming potentials up to several thousand times greater than CO2 on a 100-year time horizon. The lack of any significant sinks for PFCs means that they have long atmospheric lifetimes of the order of thousands of years. Anthropogenic production is thought to be the only source for most PFCs. Here we report an update on the global atmospheric abundances of the following PFCs, most of which have for the first time been analytically separated according to their isomers: coctafluorobutane (c-C4F8), n-decafluorobutane (n-C4F10), ndodecafluoropentane (n-C5F12), n-tetradecafluorohexane (nC(6)F(14)), and n-hexadecafluoroheptane (n-C7F16). Additionally, we report the first data set on the atmospheric mixing ratios of perfluoro-2-methylpentane (i-C6F14). The existence and significance of PFC isomers have not been reported before, due to the analytical challenges of separating them. The time series spans a period from 1978 to the present. Several data sets are used to investigate temporal and spatial trends of these PFCs: time series of air samples collected at Cape Grim, Australia, from 1978 to the start of 2018; a time series of air samples collected between July 2015 and April 2017 at Tacolneston, UK; and intensive campaign-based sampling collections from Taiwan. Although the remote "background" Southern Hemispheric Cape Grim time series indicates that recent growth rates of most of these PFCs are lower than in the 1990s, we continue to see significantly increasing mixing ratios that are between 6% and 27% higher by the end of 2017 compared to abundances measured in 2010. Air samples from Tacolneston show a positive offset in PFC mixing ratios compared to the Southern Hemisphere baseline. The highest mixing ratios and variability are seen in air samples from Taiwan, which is therefore likely situated much closer to PFC sources, confirming predominantly Northern Hemispheric emissions for most PFCs. Even though these PFCs occur in the atmosphere at levels of parts per trillion molar or less, their total cumulative global emissions translate into 833 million metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent by the end of 2017, 23% of which has been emitted since 2010. Almost two-thirds of the CO2 equivalent emissions within the last decade are attributable to c-C4F8, which currently also has the highest emission rates that continue to grow. Sources of all PFCs covered in this work remain poorly constrained and reported emissions in global databases do not account for the abundances found in the atmosphere. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000529372200002 |
WOS关键词 | IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS ; LONG-TERM TRENDS ; STRATOSPHERIC AIR ; MIXING RATIOS ; MEAN AGE ; SF6 ; CF4 ; ATMOSPHERE ; FIRN ; C2F6 |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/278750 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ East Anglia, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; 2.Univ Nottingham Malaysia, Sch Environm & Geog Sci, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; 3.Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; 4.Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, NCAS, Leicester, Leics, England; 5.CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Climate Sci Ctr, Aspendale, Vic, Australia; 6.Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci & Environm, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; 7.Univ Bristol, Dept Chem, Bristol, Avon, England; 8.Univ East Anglia, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; 9.Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 10.Forschungszentrum Julich GmbHJ, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, Julich, Germany; 11.Univ Chile, Ctr Climate & Resilience Res CR2, Santiago, Chile |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Droste, Elise S.,39;Doherty, Simon. Trends and emissions of six perfluorocarbons in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2020,20(8):4787-4807. |
APA | Droste, Elise S.,&39;Doherty, Simon.(2020).Trends and emissions of six perfluorocarbons in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,20(8),4787-4807. |
MLA | Droste, Elise S.,et al."Trends and emissions of six perfluorocarbons in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 20.8(2020):4787-4807. |
条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 |
除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。
修改评论