Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2002722117 |
Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska’s Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom | |
Joseph R. McConnell; Michael Sigl; Gill Plunkett; Andrea Burke; Woon Mi Kim; Christoph C. Raible; Andrew I. Wilson; Joseph G. Manning; Francis Ludlow; Nathan J. Chellman; Helen M. Innes; Zhen Yang; Jessica F. Larsen; Janet R. Schaefer; Sepp Kipfstuhl; Seyedhamidreza Mojtabavi; Frank Wilhelms; Thomas Opel; Hanno Meyer; Jørgen Peder Steffensen | |
2020-06-26 | |
发表期刊 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
出版年 | 2020 |
英文摘要 | The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE triggered a power struggle that ultimately ended the Roman Republic and, eventually, the Ptolemaic Kingdom, leading to the rise of the Roman Empire. Climate proxies and written documents indicate that this struggle occurred during a period of unusually inclement weather, famine, and disease in the Mediterranean region; historians have previously speculated that a large volcanic eruption of unknown origin was the most likely cause. Here we show using well-dated volcanic fallout records in six Arctic ice cores that one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the past 2,500 y occurred in early 43 BCE, with distinct geochemistry of tephra deposited during the event identifying the Okmok volcano in Alaska as the source. Climate proxy records show that 43 and 42 BCE were among the coldest years of recent millennia in the Northern Hemisphere at the start of one of the coldest decades. Earth system modeling suggests that radiative forcing from this massive, high-latitude eruption led to pronounced changes in hydroclimate, including seasonal temperatures in specific Mediterranean regions as much as 7 °C below normal during the 2 y period following the eruption and unusually wet conditions. While it is difficult to establish direct causal linkages to thinly documented historical events, the wet and very cold conditions from this massive eruption on the opposite side of Earth probably resulted in crop failures, famine, and disease, exacerbating social unrest and contributing to political realignments throughout the Mediterranean region at this critical juncture of Western civilization. |
领域 | 资源环境 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/278170 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Joseph R. McConnell,Michael Sigl,Gill Plunkett,等. Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska’s Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2020. |
APA | Joseph R. McConnell.,Michael Sigl.,Gill Plunkett.,Andrea Burke.,Woon Mi Kim.,...&Jørgen Peder Steffensen.(2020).Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska’s Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. |
MLA | Joseph R. McConnell,et al."Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska’s Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). |
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