Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2002722117 |
Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska's Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom | |
McConnell, Joseph R.1,2; Sigl, Michael3,4; Plunkett, Gill5; Burke, Andrea6; Kim, Woon Mi3,4; Raible, Christoph C.3,4,5; Wilson, Andrew, I7,8; Manning, Joseph G.9,10,11; Ludlow, Francis12; Chellman, Nathan J.1; Innes, Helen M.6; Yang, Zhen12; Larsen, Jessica F.13; Schaefer, Janet R.14; Kipfstuhl, Sepp15; Mojtabavi, Seyedhamidreza15,16; Wilhelms, Frank15,16; Opel, Thomas17; Meyer, Hanno17; Steffensen, Jorgen Peder18 | |
2020-06-26 | |
发表期刊 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
出版年 | 2020 |
卷号 | 117期号:27页码:15443-15449 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; England; Switzerland; North Ireland; Scotland; Germany; Denmark |
英文摘要 | The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE triggered a power struggle that ultimately ended the Roman Republic and, eventually, the Ptolemaic Kingdom, leading to the rise of the Roman Empire. Climate proxies and written documents indicate that this struggle occurred during a period of unusually inclement weather, famine, and disease in the Mediterranean region; historians have previously speculated that a large volcanic eruption of unknown origin was the most likely cause. Here we show using well-dated volcanic fallout records in six Arctic ice cores that one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the past 2,500 y occurred in early 43 BCE, with distinct geochemistry of tephra deposited during the event identifying the Okmok volcano in Alaska as the source. Climate proxy records show that 43 and 42 BCE were among the coldest years of recent millennia in the Northern Hemisphere at the start of one of the coldest decades. Earth system modeling suggests that radiative forcing from this massive, high-latitude eruption led to pronounced changes in hydroclimate, including seasonal temperatures in specific Mediterranean regions as much as 7 degrees C below normal during the 2 y period following the eruption and unusually wet conditions. While it is difficult to establish direct causal linkages to thinly documented historical events, the wet and very cold conditions from this massive eruption on the opposite side of Earth probably resulted in crop failures, famine, and disease, exacerbating social unrest and contributing to political realignments throughout the Mediterranean region at this critical juncture of Western civilization. |
英文关键词 | ice core volcano Okmok Rome climate forcing |
领域 | 地球科学 ; 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000548351700015 |
WOS关键词 | GREENLAND ICE CORE ; RECORD ; HOLOCENE ; PROJECT ; GISP2 ; TEMPERATURE ; MILLENNIUM ; EVENT |
WOS类目 | Multidisciplinary Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Science & Technology - Other Topics |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/278168 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA; 2.Univ Cambridge, Clare Hall, Cambridge CB3 9AL, England; 3.Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys Phys Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; 4.Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; 5.Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland; 6.Univ St Andrews, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland; 7.Univ Oxford, Fac Class, Oxford OX1 3LU, England; 8.Univ Oxford, Sch Archaeol, Oxford OX1 3TG, England; 9.Yale Univ, Dept Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; 10.Yale Univ, Dept Class, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; 11.Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; 12.Trinity Coll Dublin, Trinity Ctr Environm Humanities, Sch Hist & Humanities, Dept Hist, Dublin 2, Ireland; 13.Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; 14.State Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Volcanol Sect, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA; 15.Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Mee, Glaciol, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; 16.Univ Gottingen, Geosci Ctr, Dept Crystallog, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany; 17.Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Mee, Polar Terr Environm Syst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; 18.Univ Copenhagen, Phys Ice Climate & Earth, DK-1017 Copenhagen, Denmark |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | McConnell, Joseph R.,Sigl, Michael,Plunkett, Gill,et al. Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska's Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2020,117(27):15443-15449. |
APA | McConnell, Joseph R..,Sigl, Michael.,Plunkett, Gill.,Burke, Andrea.,Kim, Woon Mi.,...&Steffensen, Jorgen Peder.(2020).Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska's Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,117(27),15443-15449. |
MLA | McConnell, Joseph R.,et al."Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska's Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 117.27(2020):15443-15449. |
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