Pandemics' historical role in creating inequality

doi:10.1126/science.abc8953

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abc8953
	Pandemics' historical role in creating inequality
	Liliana M. Dávalos; Rita M. Austin; Mairin A. Balisi; Rene L. Begay; Courtney A. Hofman; Melissa E. Kemp; Justin R. Lund; Cara Monroe; Alexis M. Mychajliw; Elizabeth A. Nelson; Maria A. Nieves-Colón; Sergio A. Redondo; Susanna Sabin; Krystal S. Tsosie; Joseph M. Yracheta
	2020-06-19
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2020
英文摘要	In her News Feature “An unequal blow” (15 May, p. [700][1]), L. Wade explores how past pandemics disproportionately affected marginalized groups. It is important to recognize that in addition to exacerbating marginalization, pandemics set the stage for inequalities that have persisted for centuries ([ 1 ][2]). Historically, pathogens introduced by European conquistadors and colonists contributed to Indigenous population collapses throughout the Americas, facilitating colonial exploitation ([ 2 ][3]). Abrupt declines in the health and size of Indigenous populations, socio-cultural dislocation, and opportunistic grabs for resources became a strategy used by successive colonial governments ([ 3 ][4]). As scientists, we have a role in dismantling this colonial playbook to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from further marginalizing Indigenous communities. Today's Indigenous peoples are facing a pandemic crisis. In North America, the Navajo Nation battles the virus across a vast region with irregular access to health services as a result of insufficient federal funding ([ 4 ][5], [ 5 ][6]). The United States relies on agricultural laborers from Central America to maintain its supply chains but is deporting contagious workers ([ 6 ][7], [ 7 ][8]), thereby seeding outbreaks in Mexico, where the disenfranchisement of 22 million Indigenous people makes the spread of disease difficult to control ([ 8 ][9]). In the Brazilian Amazon, Manaus is a national COVID-19 hotspot. The health system is overwhelmed, and Indigenous people previously displaced by the local government struggle to avert a 21st-century demographic collapse while fighting seizure of their lands ([ 9 ][10]). Solving the crisis demands more than overhauling health infrastructure; it requires changing power relations to redress structural inequalities borne of colonialism. The path forward involves listening to Indigenous communities, promoting human-centered investment in sustainable development, and enforcing treaties and Indigenous land rights. For scientists, COVID-19 does not justify perpetuating extractive practices or pressuring communities to engage in research ([ 10 ][11]). Acknowledging Indigenous sovereignty is now more vital than ever. We must seize the opportunity this pandemic presents for societal transformation: Only through Indigenous self-determination, collaboration, and research partnerships rooted in mutual respect can the Americas write a new playbook that fulfills the often stated but seldom realized ideals of equality for all. 1. [↵][12]1. T. Hansen, 2. J. Yracheta , “Indigenous migrant children at higher risk for flu-related deaths, yet denied basic flu shot,” Cultural Survival (2019). 2. [↵][13]1. A. W. Crosby , The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT, 1973). 3. [↵][14]1. J. R. McNeill , Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620–1914 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2010). 4. [↵][15]Navajo Nation Department of Health, “Dikos Ntsaaígíí-19 (COVID-19)” (2020); [www.ndoh.navajo-nsn.gov/COVID-19][16]. 5. [↵][17]U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, “Broken Promises: Continuing Federal Funding Shortfall for Native Americans” (2018); [www.usccr.gov/pubs/2018/12-20-Broken-Promises.pdf][18]. 6. [↵][19]1. M. Dorning, 2. J. Skerritt , “Every Single Worker Has Covid at One U.S. Farm on Eve of Harvest,” Bloomberg (2020). 7. [↵][20]1. K. Sieff, 2. N. Miroff , “U.S. is deporting infected migrants back to vulnerable countries,” The Washington Post (2020). 8. [↵][21]1. L. Castellanos , “México atropella los derechos de Indígenas y defensores ante el coronavirus” The Washington Post (2020) [in Spanish]. 9. [↵][22]1. I. Amigo , “Evicted Indigenous people in Manaus struggle to stay safe amid COVID-19 crisis,” Mongabay (2020). 10. [↵][23]1. K. G. Claw et al ., Nat. Commun. 9, 2957 (2018). 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
URL	查看原文
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/276676
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Liliana M. Dávalos,Rita M. Austin,Mairin A. Balisi,et al. Pandemics' historical role in creating inequality[J]. Science,2020.
APA	Liliana M. Dávalos.,Rita M. Austin.,Mairin A. Balisi.,Rene L. Begay.,Courtney A. Hofman.,...&Joseph M. Yracheta.(2020).Pandemics' historical role in creating inequality.Science.
MLA	Liliana M. Dávalos,et al."Pandemics' historical role in creating inequality".Science (2020).