Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1111/gcb.15163 |
Unchartered waters: Climate change likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks causing mass mortality events in marine mammals | |
Claire E. Sanderson; Kathleen A. Alexander | |
2020-06-18 | |
发表期刊 | Global Change Biology |
出版年 | 2020 |
英文摘要 | Infectious disease emergence has increased significantly over the last 30 years, with mass mortality events (MMEs) associated with epizootics becoming increasingly common. Factors influencing these events have been widely studied in terrestrial systems, but remain relatively unexplored in marine mammals. Infectious disease‐induced MMEs (ID MMEs) have not been reported ubiquitously among marine mammal species, indicating that intrinsic (host) and/or extrinsic (environmental) ecological factors may influence this heterogeneity. We assess the occurrence of ID MMEs (1955–2018) across extant marine mammals (n = 129) in relation to key life‐history characteristics (sociality, trophic level, habitat breadth) and environmental variables (season, sea surface temperature [SST] anomalies, El Niño occurrence). Our results show that ID MMEs have been reported in 14% of marine mammal species (95% CI 9%–21%), with 72% (n = 36; 95% CI 56%–84%) of these events caused predominantly by viruses, primarily morbillivirus and influenza A. Bacterial pathogens caused 25% (95% CI 14%–41%) of MMEs, with only one being the result of a protozoan pathogen. Overall, virus‐induced MMEs involved a greater number of fatalities per event compared to other pathogens. No association was detected between the occurrence of ID MMEs and host characteristics, such as sociality or trophic level, but ID MMEs did occur more frequently in semiaquatic species (pinnipeds) compared to obligate ocean dwellers (cetaceans; χ2 = 9.6, p = .002). In contrast, extrinsic factors significantly influenced ID MMEs, with seasonality linked to frequency (χ2 = 19.85, p = .0002) and severity of these events, and global yearly SST anomalies positively correlated with their temporal occurrence (Z = 3.43, p = 2.7e‐04). No significant association was identified between El Niño and ID MME occurrence (Z = 0.28, p = .81). With climate change forecasted to increase SSTs and the frequency of extreme seasonal weather events, epizootics causing MMEs are likely to intensify with significant consequences for marine mammal survival. |
领域 | 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/276587 |
专题 | 气候变化 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Claire E. Sanderson,Kathleen A. Alexander. Unchartered waters: Climate change likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks causing mass mortality events in marine mammals[J]. Global Change Biology,2020. |
APA | Claire E. Sanderson,&Kathleen A. Alexander.(2020).Unchartered waters: Climate change likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks causing mass mortality events in marine mammals.Global Change Biology. |
MLA | Claire E. Sanderson,et al."Unchartered waters: Climate change likely to intensify infectious disease outbreaks causing mass mortality events in marine mammals".Global Change Biology (2020). |
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