Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104 |
Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview | |
Arnim Scheidel, Daniela Del Bene, Juan Liu, Grettel Navas, ... Joan Martínez-Alier | |
2020-06-02 | |
发表期刊 | Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions
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出版年 | 2020 |
英文摘要 | Recent research and policies recognize the importance of environmental defenders for global sustainability and emphasize their need for protection against violence and repression. However, effective support may benefit from a more systematic understanding of the underlying environmental conflicts, as well as from better knowledge on the factors that enable environmental defenders to mobilize successfully. We have created the global Environmental Justice Atlas to address this knowledge gap. Here we present a large-n analysis of 2743 cases that sheds light on the characteristics of environmental conflicts and the environmental defenders involved, as well as on successful mobilization strategies. We find that bottom-up mobilizations for more sustainable and socially just uses of the environment occur worldwide across all income groups, testifying to the global existence of various forms of grassroots environmentalism as a promising force for sustainability. Environmental defenders are frequently members of vulnerable groups who employ largely non-violent protest forms. In 11% of cases globally, they contributed to halt environmentally destructive and socially conflictive projects, defending the environment and livelihoods. Combining strategies of preventive mobilization, protest diversification and litigation can increase this success rate significantly to up to 27%. However, defenders face globally also high rates of criminalization (20% of cases), physical violence (18%), and assassinations (13%), which significantly increase when Indigenous people are involved. Our results call for targeted actions to enhance the conditions enabling successful mobilizations, and for specific support for Indigenous environmental defenders. |
领域 | 气候变化 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/273313 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Arnim Scheidel, Daniela Del Bene, Juan Liu, Grettel Navas, ... Joan Martínez-Alier. Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview[J]. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions,2020. |
APA | Arnim Scheidel, Daniela Del Bene, Juan Liu, Grettel Navas, ... Joan Martínez-Alier.(2020).Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview.Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions. |
MLA | Arnim Scheidel, Daniela Del Bene, Juan Liu, Grettel Navas, ... Joan Martínez-Alier."Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview".Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions (2020). |
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