Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1289/EHP2732 |
A National Multicity Analysis of the Causal Effect of Local Pollution, NO2, and PM2.5 on Mortality | |
Schwartz, Joel1,2; Fong, Kelvin1; Zanobetti, Antonella1 | |
2018-08-01 | |
发表期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES |
ISSN | 0091-6765 |
EISSN | 1552-9924 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 126期号:8 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA |
英文摘要 | BACKGROUND: Studies have long associated PM2.5 with daily mortality, but few applied causal-modeling methods, or at low exposures. Short-term exposure to NO2, a marker of local traffic, has also been associated with mortality but is less studied. We previously found a causal effect between local air pollution and mortality in Boston. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the causal effects of local pollution, PM2.5, and NO2 on mortality in 135 U.S. cities. METHODS: We used three methods which, under different assumptions, provide causal marginal estimates of effect: a marginal structural model, an instrumental variable analysis, and a negative exposure control. The instrumental approach used planetary boundary layer, wind speed, and air pressure as instruments for concentrations of local pollutants; the marginal structural model separated the effects of NO2 from the effects of PM2.5, and the negative exposure control provided protection against unmeasured confounders. RESULTS: In 7.3 million deaths, the instrumental approach estimated that mortality increased 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1%, 2.0%] per 10 mu g/m(3) increase in local pollution indexed as PM2.5. The negative control exposure was not associated with mortality. Restricting our analysis to days with PM2.5 below 25 mu g/m(3), we found a 1.70% (95% CI 1.11%, 2.29%) increase. With marginal structural models, we found positive significant increases in deaths with both PM2.5 and NO2. On clays with PM2.5 below 25 mu g/m(3), we found a 0.83% (95% CI 0.39%, 1.27%) increase. Including negative exposure controls changed estimates minimally. CONCLUSIONS: Causal-modeling techniques, each subject to different assumptions, demonstrated causal effects of locally generated pollutants on daily deaths with effects at concentrations below the current EPA daily PM2.5 standard. |
领域 | 资源环境 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000444417500002 |
WOS关键词 | PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION ; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE ; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE ; URBAN FINE PARTICLES ; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS ; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE ; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE ; US CITIES ; DIESEL EXHAUST ; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ; Toxicology |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ; Toxicology |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/24174 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA USA; 2.Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Schwartz, Joel,Fong, Kelvin,Zanobetti, Antonella. A National Multicity Analysis of the Causal Effect of Local Pollution, NO2, and PM2.5 on Mortality[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES,2018,126(8). |
APA | Schwartz, Joel,Fong, Kelvin,&Zanobetti, Antonella.(2018).A National Multicity Analysis of the Causal Effect of Local Pollution, NO2, and PM2.5 on Mortality.ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES,126(8). |
MLA | Schwartz, Joel,et al."A National Multicity Analysis of the Causal Effect of Local Pollution, NO2, and PM2.5 on Mortality".ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 126.8(2018). |
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