Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
Achieving Sustainable Sanitation in Asia | |
[unavailable] | |
2019-06-28 | |
出版年 | 2019 |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | 国际 |
领域 | 气候变化 |
英文摘要 |
Development finance has largely been directed towards centralized systems of wastewater management, which has resulted in large populations being excluded from proper wastewater collection and treatment services. Five thousand years ago, when the urban residents of the Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization sat on their toilets, their rural brethren used the fields to defecate. In both the urban and rural models of sanitation, nutrients were recycled via natural fertilizers, and water bodies were not used for dumping raw waste. Ancient Sanskrit oral texts lay out the importance of not allowing human waste, blood, or hazardous substances to contaminate water bodies under any circumstances. Accordingly, defecation was always conducted in distant, uninhabited places, after which feces were covered with soil, and the left hand was used for washing with small amounts of water. Natural plant-based soaps or sand were used to wash the left hand, which would still not be used for eating, just as a precaution. Cholera epidemics were unheard of in ancient India. In contrast, London’s sewer commissioners “proudly noted the huge volume of human waste that the city’s toilets efficiently deposited into the river (Thames); 29,000 cubic yards in the spring of 1848 and 80,000 cubic yards by the winter of 1849” (Shah 2016). It was a period when Europe was in the grip of the miasma theory, now obsolete, which guided the people into believing that the banishing of odors led to a banishing of diseases. Thus, flush toilets enjoyed a spike in sales even as sewage from those toilets fouled the Thames and led to a massive cholera epidemic causing many deaths. But, the connection between fecal matter being sent into the river and the cholera outbreaks that that kept descending on London was not made until the late 1800s. In the last 100 years, the world has made dizzying advances in science and technology. There is awareness about the direct link between poor sanitation and disease, school dropouts, loss of livelihood, and women’s disempowerment. Besides, many have pointed out the anomaly of living in an advanced age of space travel, mobile telephony, nanotechnology, and 3D printing while the most basic service of sanitation is not available to millions. Key points
Policy Brief No: 2019-4 |
URL | 查看原文 |
来源平台 | Asian Development Bank |
文献类型 | 科技报告 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/237961 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | [unavailable]. Achieving Sustainable Sanitation in Asia,2019. |
条目包含的文件 | 下载所有文件 | |||||
文件名称/大小 | 文献类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
adbi-pb2019-4.pdf(931KB) | 科技报告 | 开放获取 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 下载 |
个性服务 |
推荐该条目 |
保存到收藏夹 |
查看访问统计 |
导出为Endnote文件 |
谷歌学术 |
谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
[[unavailable]]的文章 |
百度学术 |
百度学术中相似的文章 |
[[unavailable]]的文章 |
必应学术 |
必应学术中相似的文章 |
[[unavailable]]的文章 |
相关权益政策 |
暂无数据 |
收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。
修改评论