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DOI | 10.1175/JAS-D-19-0160.1 |
The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales | |
Schumann, Ulrich | |
2019-12-01 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES |
ISSN | 0022-4928 |
EISSN | 1520-0469 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 76期号:12页码:3847-3862 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Germany |
英文摘要 | Vertical motions are fundamental for atmospheric dynamics. Compared to horizontal motions, the horizontal spectrum of vertical velocity w is less well known. Here, w spectra are related to spectra of horizontal motions in the free atmosphere near the tropopause from global to gravity wave scales. At large scales, w is related to vertically averaged horizontal divergent motions by continuity. At small scales, the velocity energy spectra reach anisotropy as in stably stratified turbulence. Combining these limits approximates the w spectrum from global to small scales. The w spectrum is flat at large scales when the divergent spectrum shows a -2 slope, reaches a maximum at mesoscales after transition to -5/3 slopes, and then approaches a fraction of horizontal kinetic energy. The ratio of vertical kinetic energy to potential energy increases quadratically with wavenumber at large scales. It exceeds unity at small scales in stratified turbulence. Global and regional simulations and two recent aircraft measurement field campaigns support these relationships within 30% deviations. Energy exchange between horizontal and vertical motions may contribute to slope changes in the spectra. The model allows for checking measurement validity. Isotropy at large and small scales varies between the datasets. The fraction of divergent energy is 40%-70% in the measurements, with higher values in the stratosphere. Spectra above the tropopause are often steeper over mountains than over oceans, partly with two -5/3 subranges. A total of 80% of w variance near the tropopause occurs at scales between about 0.5 and 80 km. |
英文关键词 | Atmosphere Continuity equation Gravity waves Mountain waves Turbulence Vertical motion |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000499465600002 |
WOS关键词 | KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTRUM ; NUMBER SPECTRA ; UPPER TROPOSPHERE ; STRATIFIED TURBULENCE ; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY ; WIND MEASUREMENTS ; TEMPERATURE ; AIRCRAFT ; STRATOSPHERE ; FLUXES |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/226010 |
专题 | 环境与发展全球科技态势 |
作者单位 | Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Schumann, Ulrich. The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales[J]. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES,2019,76(12):3847-3862. |
APA | Schumann, Ulrich.(2019).The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales.JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES,76(12),3847-3862. |
MLA | Schumann, Ulrich."The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales".JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 76.12(2019):3847-3862. |
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