Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
In Iraqi Kurdistan, Solar Offers Hope to the Powerless | |
admin | |
2018-08-17 | |
发布年 | 2018 |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | 美国 |
领域 | 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
正文(英文) | Yaseen Hasan is a director in the Planning and Research Department within the Ministry of Electricity in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Hasan participated in the Humphrey Fellowship, which brings young and mid-career professionals to the United States for a year of non-degree, graduate-level study, leadership development and professional collaboration. At WRI, Hasan worked on a project addressing mechanisms for rooftop PV cells and hot water systems in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. For the more than 5 million people living in Iraqi Kurdistan, a semi-autonomous region in northern Iraq, reliable energy is a luxury. Iraqi Kurds lacked power for an average of four hours a day in the spring and more than 13 hours a day in the winter in 2016 due to government-mandated electricity shut-offs, according to the Ministry of Electricity in Kurdistan. Electricity demand has surged in recent years due to economic development. The problem was exacerbated due to an influx of nearly 2 million refugees escaping ISIS and the Syrian war and internally-displaced people from other parts of Iraq, as well as a dramatic drop in oil prices. Iraqi Kurdistan’s inefficient energy infrastructure simply can’t keep up. The situation may seem oxymoronic in a region flush with oil and gas. But there’s another abundant and untapped energy source that could provide a solution—the sun. Tremendous Solar Potential in Iraqi KurdistanIraqi Kurdistan sits in a particularly sunny region. The average daily solar radiation is nearly 5 kilowatt hours per square meter (kWh/m2/day), slightly less than the daily potential of the state of California. Yet the region has yet to really invest in distributed solar power. There are currently only three small, privately developed solar PV sites, with a total generating capacity of 500 kilowatts (kW). The Iraqi-Kurdistan government hasn’t invested much in renewable energy infrastructure due to its huge oil and gas potential, paired with a recent fiscal crisis that began in 2014 due to disputes within the central government and the fast expansion of the Islamic State. Making Up for an Electricity ShortfallFacing growing electricity shortages, many Kurds have turned to private small diesel generators. But these have their limitations. They’re expensive—costing about $0.25 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), compared to the $0.02 that domestic consumers pay for electricity from the grid. They also can’t truly make up for the energy shortfall, operating a maximum of 6 to 8 hours per day. They’re also dirty, creating dangerous air pollution and emitting greenhouse gases. Re-inventing Iraqi Kurdistan’s Electricity SystemDistributed solar power can help Iraqi Kurdistan provide affordable, reliable electricity to its citizens. But to get there, the region needs significant energy system reform—both to fix underlying issues and provide an environment where renewable energy can grow. Two important things need to happen: 1. The power sector needs a more effective management structure.Iraqi Kurdistan needs an independent system regulator and operator in order to develop well-designed policies, attract investors and help establish a competitive wholesale electricity market. Iraqi Kurdistan’s power system is currently vertically integrated—the Ministry of Electricity controls all facets, from customer access equipment to billing and accounting services. This is inefficient because there is confusion and disagreement within the ministry over which authorities are responsible for which facets of the system. Over the next 10 – 15 years, the power sector needs to, step by step, unbundle this structure. 2. Several technical reforms must take place.Reducing the gap between electricity supply and demand requires many technical and economic reforms, both to integrate more renewable energy and to fix existing inefficiencies. The most important of these are:
Iraqi Kurdistan has enormous potential for solar generation. But in order to achieve it, the region needs well-designed, smart policies that address the numerous challenges facing adoption of renewables. |
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来源平台 | World Resources Institute |
文献类型 | 新闻 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/220274 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 气候变化 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | admin. In Iraqi Kurdistan, Solar Offers Hope to the Powerless. 2018. |
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