Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1904515116 |
Pervasive Arctic lead pollution suggests substantial growth in medieval silver production modulated by plague, climate, and conflict | |
McConnell, Joseph R.1; Chellman, Nathan J.1; Wilson, Andrew I.2,3; Stohl, Andreas4; Arienzo, Monica M.1; Eckhardt, Sabine4; Fritzsche, Diedrich5; Kipfstuhl, Sepp6; Opel, Thomas5; Place, Philip F.7; Steffensen, Jorgen Peder8 | |
2019-07-23 | |
发表期刊 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA |
ISSN | 0027-8424 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 116期号:30页码:14910-14915 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; England; Norway; Germany; Denmark |
英文摘要 | Lead pollution in Arctic ice reflects large-scale historical changes in midlatitude industrial activities such as ancient lead/silver production and recent fossil fuel burning. Here we used measurements in a broad array of 13 accurately dated ice cores from Greenland and Severnaya Zemlya to document spatial and temporal changes in Arctic lead pollution from 200 BCE to 2010 CE, with interpretation focused on 500 to 2010 CE. Atmospheric transport modeling indicates that Arctic lead pollution was primarily from European emissions before the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. Temporal variability was surprisingly similar across the large swath of the Arctic represented by the array, with 250- to 300-fold increases in lead pollution observed from the Early Middle Ages to the 1970s industrial peak. Superimposed on these exponential changes were pronounced, multiannual to multidecadal variations, marked by increases coincident with exploitation of new mining regions, improved technologies, and periods of economic prosperity; and decreases coincident with climate disruptions, famines, major wars, and plagues. Results suggest substantial overall growth in lead/silver mining and smelting emissions-and so silver production-from the Early through High Middle Ages, particularly in northern Europe, with lower growth during the Late Middle Ages into the Early Modern Period. Near the end of the second plague pandemic (1348 to similar to 1700 CE), lead pollution increased sharply through the Industrial Revolution. North American and European pollution abatement policies have reduced Arctic lead pollution by >80% since the 1970s, but recent levels remain -60-fold higher than at the start of the Middle Ages. |
英文关键词 | ice core lead pollution Arctic plague Middle Ages |
领域 | 地球科学 ; 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
收录类别 | SCI-E ; SSCI |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000476715500027 |
WOS关键词 | MINIMUM NATURAL LEVELS ; ICE-CORE ; ATMOSPHERE INSIGHTS ; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS ; CENTRAL GREENLAND ; HEAVY-METALS ; PB ; RADIOCARBON ; RECORD ; LEGACY |
WOS类目 | Multidisciplinary Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Science & Technology - Other Topics |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/205151 |
专题 | 地球科学 资源环境科学 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA; 2.Univ Oxford, Fac Class, Oxford OX1 3LU, England; 3.Univ Oxford, Inst Archaeol, Oxford OX1 2PG, England; 4.Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway; 5.Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, Polar Terr Environm Syst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; 6.Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, Glaciol, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; 7.Univ Rochester, Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA; 8.Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-1017 Copenhagen, Denmark |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | McConnell, Joseph R.,Chellman, Nathan J.,Wilson, Andrew I.,et al. Pervasive Arctic lead pollution suggests substantial growth in medieval silver production modulated by plague, climate, and conflict[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2019,116(30):14910-14915. |
APA | McConnell, Joseph R..,Chellman, Nathan J..,Wilson, Andrew I..,Stohl, Andreas.,Arienzo, Monica M..,...&Steffensen, Jorgen Peder.(2019).Pervasive Arctic lead pollution suggests substantial growth in medieval silver production modulated by plague, climate, and conflict.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,116(30),14910-14915. |
MLA | McConnell, Joseph R.,et al."Pervasive Arctic lead pollution suggests substantial growth in medieval silver production modulated by plague, climate, and conflict".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 116.30(2019):14910-14915. |
条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 |
除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。
修改评论