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DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1817951116 |
Lead isotopes in silver reveal earliest Phoenician quest for metals in the west Mediterranean | |
Eshel, Tzilla1,2,3; Erel, Yigal3; Yahalom-Mack, Naama4; Tirosh, Ofir3; Gilboa, Ayelet1,2 | |
2019 | |
发表期刊 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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ISSN | 0027-8424 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 116期号:13页码:6007-6012 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Israel |
英文摘要 | When and why did the Phoenicians initiate long-term connections between the Levant and western Europe? This is one of the most hotly debated questions in ancient Mediterranean history and cultural research. In this study, we use silver to answer this question, presenting the largest dataset of chemical and isotopic analyses of silver items from silver hoards found in Phoenician homeland sites. Intertwining lead isotope analysis of silver items with precise archaeological context and chronology, we provide analytical evidence for the onset of Phoenician westward expansion. We suggest that the quest for silver instigated a long, exploratory phase, first in Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Sardinia, and subsequently in the Iberian Peninsula. This phase preceded the establishment of sustainable, flourishing Phoenician colonies in the West by over a century. In so doing, our results buttress the "precolonization" theory, accord it a firm chronological framework, and demonstrate that the quest for silver (and probably other metals) was an incentive for Phoenician westward expansion. Furthermore, our results show that the Phoenicians introduced innovative silver production methods to historic Europe. |
英文关键词 | silver lead isotope analysis Phoenicians Sardinia Iberia |
领域 | 地球科学 ; 气候变化 ; 资源环境 |
收录类别 | SCI-E ; SSCI |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000462382800034 |
WOS关键词 | ARTIFACTS ; ANCIENT ; HOARD |
WOS类目 | Multidisciplinary Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Science & Technology - Other Topics |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/205077 |
专题 | 地球科学 资源环境科学 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Haifa, Zinman Inst Archaeol, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel; 2.Univ Haifa, Dept Archaeol, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel; 3.Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Inst Earth Sci, IL-9190401 Jerusalem, Israel; 4.Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Archaeol, IL-9190501 Jerusalem, Israel |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Eshel, Tzilla,Erel, Yigal,Yahalom-Mack, Naama,et al. Lead isotopes in silver reveal earliest Phoenician quest for metals in the west Mediterranean[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2019,116(13):6007-6012. |
APA | Eshel, Tzilla,Erel, Yigal,Yahalom-Mack, Naama,Tirosh, Ofir,&Gilboa, Ayelet.(2019).Lead isotopes in silver reveal earliest Phoenician quest for metals in the west Mediterranean.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,116(13),6007-6012. |
MLA | Eshel, Tzilla,et al."Lead isotopes in silver reveal earliest Phoenician quest for metals in the west Mediterranean".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 116.13(2019):6007-6012. |
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