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Treatment of SIV-infected rhesus macaques with short-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and partially overlapping infusions of antibody to integrin a 4 0 7 was reported to induce durable posttreatment viral suppression. In an attempt to replicate those observations, we treated macaques infected with the same virus and with the same ART and monoclonal antibody (mAb) regimens (anti-alpha(4)beta(7) versus control mAb). Sequencing demonstrated that the virus used was actually SlVmac239-nef-stop, not wild-type SIVmac239. A positive correlation was found at 2 weeks after infection between the frequency of repair of attenuated Nef-STOP virus to pathogenic Nef-OPEN and plasma SIV RNA levels. Levels of plasma viremia before the first antibody infusion and preinfection levels of alpha(4)beta(hi)(7) CD4(+) T cells, but not treatment with antibody to alpha(4)beta(7), correlated with levels of viral replication upon discontinuation of all treatments. Follow-up plasma viremia, peripheral blood CD4(+) T cell counts, and lymph node and rectal tissue viral load were not significantly different between anti-U4 17 and control mAb groups.