Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.5194/acp-18-2259-2018 |
Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter from wood- and dung-fueled cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources | |
Jayarathne, Thilina1; Stockwell, Chelsea E.1,2; Bhave, Prakash V.3; Praveen, Puppala S.3; Rathnayake, Chathurika M.1; Islam, Md. Robiul1; Panday, Arnico K.3; Adhikari, Sagar4; Maharjan, Rashmi4; Goetz, J. Douglas5; DeCarlo, Peter F.5,6; Saikawa, Eri7; Yokelson, Robert J.2; Stone, Elizabeth A.1,8 | |
2018-02-15 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 18期号:3页码:2259-2286 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; Nepal |
英文摘要 | The Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE) characterized widespread and under-sampled combustion sources common to South Asia, including brick kilns, garbage burning, diesel and gasoline generators, diesel groundwater pumps, idling motorcycles, traditional and modern cooking stoves and fires, crop residue burning, and heating fire. Fuel-based emission factors (EFs; with units of pollutant mass emitted per kilogram of fuel combusted) were determined for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic ions, trace metals, and organic species. For the forced-draft zigzag brick kiln, EFPM2.5 ranged from 12 to 19 g kg(-1) with major contributions from OC (7 %), sulfate expected to be in the form of sulfuric acid (31.9 %), and other chemicals not measured (e.g., particle-bound water). For the clamp kiln, EFPM2.5 ranged from 8 to 13 g kg(-1), with major contributions from OC (63.2 %), sulfate (23.4 %), and ammonium (16 %). Our brick kiln EFPM2.5 values may exceed those previously reported, partly because we sampled emissions at ambient temperature after emission from the stack or kiln allowing some particle-phase OC and sulfate to form from gaseous precursors. The combustion of mixed household garbage under dry conditions had an EFPM2.5 of 7.4 +/- 1.2 g kg(-1), whereas damp conditions generated the highest EFPM2.5 of all combustion sources in this study, reaching up to 125 +/- 23 g kg(-1). Garbage burning emissions contained triphenylbenzene and relatively high concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Sb), making these useful markers of this source. A variety of cooking stoves and fires fueled with dung, hardwood, twigs, and/or other bio-fuels were studied. The use of dung for cooking and heating produced higher EFPM2.5 than other biofuel sources and consistently emitted more PM2.5 and OC than burning hard-wood and/or twigs; this trend was consistent across traditional mud stoves, chimney stoves, and three-stone cooking fires. The comparisons of different cooking stoves and cooking fires revealed the highest PM emissions from three-stone cooking fires (7.6-73 g kg(-1)), followed by traditional mud stoves (5.3-19.7 g kg(-1)), mud stoves with a chimney for exhaust (3.0-6.8 g kg(-1)), rocket stoves (1.5-7.2 g kg(-1)), induced-draft stoves (1.2-5.7 g kg(-1)), and the bhuse chub stove (3.2 g kg(-1)), while biogas had no detectable PM emissions. Idling motorcycle emissions were evaluated before and after routine servicing at a local shop, which decreased EFPM2.5 from 8.8 +/- 1.3 to 0.71 +/- 0.45 g kg(-1) when averaged across five motorcycles. Organic species analysis indicated that this reduction in PM2.5 was largely due to a decrease in emission of motor oil, probably from the crankcase. The EF and chemical emissions profiles developed in this study may be used for source apportionment and to update regional emission inventories. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000425311300004 |
WOS关键词 | POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS ; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL ; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES ; BIOMASS COOKSTOVES ; DIESEL GENERATOR ; TRACE GASES ; SOUTH-ASIA ; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES ; EXHAUST EMISSIONS ; ENERGY EFFICIENCY |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/19527 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA; 2.Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; 3.Internat Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal; 4.MinErgy Pvt Ltd, Lalitpur, Nepal; 5.Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; 6.Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; 7.Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; 8.Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Jayarathne, Thilina,Stockwell, Chelsea E.,Bhave, Prakash V.,et al. Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter from wood- and dung-fueled cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2018,18(3):2259-2286. |
APA | Jayarathne, Thilina.,Stockwell, Chelsea E..,Bhave, Prakash V..,Praveen, Puppala S..,Rathnayake, Chathurika M..,...&Stone, Elizabeth A..(2018).Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter from wood- and dung-fueled cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,18(3),2259-2286. |
MLA | Jayarathne, Thilina,et al."Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter from wood- and dung-fueled cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 18.3(2018):2259-2286. |
条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 |
除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。
修改评论