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DOI | 10.5194/acp-18-9929-2018 |
Gas-phase composition and secondary organic aerosol formation from standard and particle filter-retrofitted gasoline direct injection vehicles investigated in a batch and flow reactor | |
Pieber, Simone M.1,4; Kumar, Nivedita K.1; Klein, Felix1; Comte, Pierre2; Bhattu, Deepika1; Dommen, Josef1; Bruns, Emily A.1; Kilic, Dogushan1,6; El Haddad, Imad1; Keller, Alejandro3; Czerwinski, Jan2; Heeb, Norbert5; Baltensperger, Urs1; Slowik, Jay G.1; Prevot, Andre S. H.1 | |
2018-07-13 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 18期号:13页码:9929-9954 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Switzerland; Turkey |
英文摘要 | Gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles have recently been identified as a significant source of carbonaceous aerosol, of both primary and secondary origin. Here we investigated primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from four GDI vehicles, two of which were also retrofitted with a prototype gasoline particulate filter (GPF). We studied two driving test cycles under cold-and hot-engine conditions. Emissions were characterized by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gaseous non-methane organic compounds, NMOCs), aerosol mass spectrometry (sub-micron non-refractory particles) and light attenuation measurements (equivalent black carbon (eBC) determination using Aethalometers) together with supporting instrumentation. Atmospheric processing was simulated using the PSI mobile smog chamber (SC) and the potential aerosol mass oxidation flow reactor (OFR). Overall, primary and secondary particulate matter (PM) and NMOC emissions were dominated by the engine cold start, i.e., before thermal activation of the catalytic after-treatment system. Trends in the SOA oxygen to carbon ratio (O : C) for OFR and SC were related to different OH exposures, but divergences in the H: C remained unexplained. SOA yields agreed within experimental variability between the two systems, with a tendency for higher values in the OFR than in the SC (or, vice versa, lower values in the SC). A few aromatic compounds dominated the NMOC emissions, primarily benzene, toluene, xylene isomers/ethylbenzene and C3-benzene. A significant fraction of the SOA was explained by those compounds, based on comparison of effective SOA yield curves with those of toluene, o-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene determined in our OFR, as well as others from literature. Remaining discrepancies, which were smaller in the SC and larger in the OFR, were up to a factor of 2 and may have resulted from diverse reasons including unaccounted precursors and matrix effects. GPF retrofitting significantly reduced primary PM through removal of refractory eBC and partially removed the minor POA fraction. At cold-started conditions it did not affect hydrocarbon emission factors, relative chemical composition of NMOCs or SOA formation, and likewise SOA yields and bulk composition remained unaffected. GPF-induced effects at hot-engine conditions deserve attention in further studies. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000438536200004 |
WOS关键词 | REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY ; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES ; ON-ROAD GASOLINE ; VAPOR WALL LOSS ; SOA FORMATION ; HIGH-RESOLUTION ; EXHAUST PARTICLES ; RADICAL CHEMISTRY ; SMOG CHAMBER ; BLACK CARBON |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/19508 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; 2.Bern Univ Appl Sci, CH-2560 Nidau, Switzerland; 3.Univ Appl Sci Northwestern Switzerland, CH-5210 Windisch, Switzerland; 4.Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland; 5.Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Adv Analyt Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland; 6.Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, TR-34467 Sariyer, Turkey |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Pieber, Simone M.,Kumar, Nivedita K.,Klein, Felix,et al. Gas-phase composition and secondary organic aerosol formation from standard and particle filter-retrofitted gasoline direct injection vehicles investigated in a batch and flow reactor[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2018,18(13):9929-9954. |
APA | Pieber, Simone M..,Kumar, Nivedita K..,Klein, Felix.,Comte, Pierre.,Bhattu, Deepika.,...&Prevot, Andre S. H..(2018).Gas-phase composition and secondary organic aerosol formation from standard and particle filter-retrofitted gasoline direct injection vehicles investigated in a batch and flow reactor.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,18(13),9929-9954. |
MLA | Pieber, Simone M.,et al."Gas-phase composition and secondary organic aerosol formation from standard and particle filter-retrofitted gasoline direct injection vehicles investigated in a batch and flow reactor".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 18.13(2018):9929-9954. |
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