Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/ab282f |
Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands | |
MacDonald, A. M.1; Bell, R. A.2; Kebede, S.3; Azagegn, T.3; Yehualaeshet, T.3; Pichon, F.4; Young, M.5; McKenzie, A. A.6; Lapworth, D. J.6; Black, E.5; Calow, R. C.4 | |
2019-09-01 | |
发表期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
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ISSN | 1748-9326 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 14期号:9 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Scotland; England; Ethiopia |
英文摘要 | During drought, groundwater is often relied on to provide secure drinking water, particularly in rural Africa where other options are limited. However, the technology chosen to access groundwater significantly affects local water security. Here we examine the performance of springs, hand-dug-wells and boreholes in northern Ethiopia through direct high frequency monitoring of water-levels (n = 19) and water quality (n = 48) over an 18 month period and gathering information on community impacts of declining water access during the El Nino 2015/2016 drought. We found that shallow boreholes equipped with handpumps were the most reliable water supply, recovering within hours to daily abstraction throughout all conditions. Recovery and performance of most hand-dug-wells and springs declined significantly throughout the extended dry season, although in specific aquifer conditions they were reliable. All sources types had negligible measured contamination from Thermo-tolerant Coliforms through the extended dry season, but were contaminated during the rains marking drought cessation. Boreholes were least affected, median 10 cfu/100 ml, compared to 190 and 59 cfu/100 ml for hand-dug-wells and springs respectively. Many communities who relied solely on springs, wells or rivers experienced severe water shortage in the El Nino drought with mean daily collection times up to 12 h and volumes collected reducing to 3-5 litre per-capita-per-day. This led to reports of violent conflict, missed meals, reduction in school attendance and farm activity and increased health impacts. From this study there is a clear case for improving resilience to drought by installing boreholes equipped with handpumps where feasible even if collection times are >30 min. |
英文关键词 | groundwater drought water security handpumps resilience EL Nino |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000483050300001 |
WOS关键词 | SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ; CLIMATE-CHANGE ; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER ; WATER SECURITY ; SUSTAINABILITY ; ADAPTATION ; IMPACTS |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/186632 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.British Geol Survey, Lyell Ctr, Res Ave South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Midlothian, Scotland; 2.British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England; 3.Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 4.Overseas Dev Inst, Water Policy Programme, 203 Blackfriars Rd, London SE1 8NJ, England; 5.Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England; 6.British Geol Survey, Maclean Bldg, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | MacDonald, A. M.,Bell, R. A.,Kebede, S.,et al. Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2019,14(9). |
APA | MacDonald, A. M..,Bell, R. A..,Kebede, S..,Azagegn, T..,Yehualaeshet, T..,...&Calow, R. C..(2019).Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands.ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,14(9). |
MLA | MacDonald, A. M.,et al."Groundwater and resilience to drought in the Ethiopian highlands".ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 14.9(2019). |
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