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Density of silicate melt dictates melt migration and establishes the gross structure of Earth's interior. However, due to technical challenges, the melt density of relevant compositions is poorly known at deep mantle conditions. Particularly, water may be dissolved in such melts in large amounts and can potentially affect their density at extreme pressure and temperature conditions. Here we perform first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the density of Fe-rich, eutectic-like silicate melt (E melt) with varying water content up to about 12 wt %. Our results show that water mixes nearly ideally with the nonvolatile component in silicate melt and can decrease the melt density significantly. They also suggest that hydrous melts can be gravitationally stable in the lowermost mantle given its likely high iron content, providing a mechanism to explain seismically slow and dense layers near the core-mantle boundary.

Plain Language Summary Planetary-scale melting is ubiquitous after energetic impacts early in Earths history. Therefore, determining key melt properties, such as density, is of great significance to better understand Earths formation and subsequent evolution. In this study, we performed state-of-art first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to examine the density of deep mantle melts, namely, hydrous Fe-rich silicate melts. We find that such hydrous melts can be gravitationally stable near Earth's core-mantle boundary given their likely high iron content. This has great implications for Earths thermochemical evolution, as well as Earth's volatile cycle.