Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.5194/acp-19-10379-2019 |
Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - impact of one or two eruptions | |
Niemeier, Ulrike1; Timmreck, Claudia1; Kruger, Kirstin2 | |
2019-08-15 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 19期号:15页码:10379-10390 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Germany; Norway |
英文摘要 | In 1963 a series of eruptions of Mt. Agung, Indonesia, resulted in the third largest eruption of the 20th century and claimed about 1900 lives. Two eruptions of this series injected SO2 into the stratosphere, which can create a long-lasting stratospheric sulfate layer. The estimated mass flux of the first eruption was about twice as large as the mass flux of the second eruption. We followed the estimated emission profiles and assumed for the first eruption on 17 March an injection rate of 4.7 Tg SO2 and 2.3 Tg SO2 for the second eruption on 16 May. The injected sulfur forms a sulfate layer in the stratosphere. The evolution of sulfur is nonlinear and depends on the injection rate and aerosol background conditions. We performed ensembles of two model experiments, one with a single eruption and a second one with two eruptions. The two smaller eruptions result in a lower sulfur burden, smaller aerosol particles, and 0.1 to 0.3 Wm(-2) (10 %-20 %) lower radiative forcing in monthly mean global average compared to the individual eruption experiment. The differences are the consequence of slightly stronger meridional transport due to different seasons of the eruptions, lower injection height of the second eruption, and the resulting different aerosol evolution. Overall, the evolution of the volcanic clouds is different in case of two eruptions than with a single eruption only. The differences between the two experiments are significant. We conclude that there is no justification to use one eruption only and both climatic eruptions should be taken into account in future emission datasets. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000481727300002 |
WOS关键词 | QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION ; SULFATE DEPOSITION ; CLIMATE IMPACTS ; OPTICAL DEPTH ; DATA SET ; AEROSOL ; STRATOSPHERE ; SULFUR ; TEMPERATURE ; CHEMISTRY |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/185971 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Atmosphere Earth Syst, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; 2.Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Meteorol & Oceanog Sect, Oslo, Norway |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Niemeier, Ulrike,Timmreck, Claudia,Kruger, Kirstin. Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - impact of one or two eruptions[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2019,19(15):10379-10390. |
APA | Niemeier, Ulrike,Timmreck, Claudia,&Kruger, Kirstin.(2019).Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - impact of one or two eruptions.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,19(15),10379-10390. |
MLA | Niemeier, Ulrike,et al."Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing - impact of one or two eruptions".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 19.15(2019):10379-10390. |
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