Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.5194/acp-19-8209-2019 |
Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide from vehicles and brick kilns and their impacts on air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal | |
Zhong, Mm1,8; Saikawa, Eri1,2; Avramov, Alexander1; Chen, Chen1; Sun, Boya1,10; Ye, Wenlu2; Keene, William C.3; Yokelson, Robert J.4; Jayarathne, Thilina5,9; Stone, Elizabeth A.5; Rupakheti, Maheswar6; Panday, Arnico K.7 | |
2019-06-24 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 19期号:12页码:8209-8228 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; Germany; Nepal |
英文摘要 | Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues in the Kathmandu Valley, where the capital city of Nepal is located. We estimated emissions from two of the major source types in the valley (vehicles and brick kilns) and analyzed the corresponding impacts on regional air quality. First, we estimated the on-road vehicle emissions in the valley using the International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model with local emissions factors and the latest available data for vehicle registration. We also identified the locations of the brick kilns in the Kathmandu Valley and developed an emissions inventory for these kilns using emissions factors measured during the Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE) field campaign in April 2015. Our results indicate that the commonly used global emissions inventory, the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP_v2.2), underestimates particulate matter emissions from vehicles in the Kathmandu Valley by a factor greater than 100. HTAP_v2.2 does not include the brick sector and we found that our sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions estimates from brick kilns are comparable to 70 % of the total SO2 emissions considered in HTAP_v2.2. Next, we simulated air quality using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) for April 2015 based on three different emissions scenarios: HTAP only, HTAP with updated vehicle emissions, and HTAP with both updated vehicle and brick kilns emissions. Comparisons between simulated results and observations indicate that the model underestimates observed surface elemental carbon (EC) and SO2 concentrations under all emissions scenarios. However, our updated estimates of vehicle emissions significantly reduced model bias for EC, while updated emissions from brick kilns improved model performance in simulating SO2. These results highlight the importance of improving local emissions estimates for air quality modeling. We further find that model overestimation of surface wind leads to underestimated air pollutant concentrations in the Kathmandu Valley. Future work should focus on improving local emissions estimates for other major and underrepresented sources (e.g., crop residue burning and garbage burning) with a high spatial resolution, as well as the model's boundary-layer representation, to capture strong spatial gradients of air pollutant concentrations. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000472617900003 |
WOS关键词 | SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL ; MODEL ; WRF ; ASIA ; SIMULATIONS ; INVENTORY ; GASES ; METEOROLOGY ; FRAMEWORK ; EUROPE |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/184146 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; 2.Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA; 3.Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; 4.Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; 5.Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA; 6.Inst Adv Sustainabil Studies, Potsdam, Germany; 7.Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal; 8.Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, Environm Anal & Outcomes Div, St Paul, MN USA; 9.Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA; 10.Rubicon Global, Atlanta, GA USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Zhong, Mm,Saikawa, Eri,Avramov, Alexander,et al. Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide from vehicles and brick kilns and their impacts on air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2019,19(12):8209-8228. |
APA | Zhong, Mm.,Saikawa, Eri.,Avramov, Alexander.,Chen, Chen.,Sun, Boya.,...&Panday, Arnico K..(2019).Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide from vehicles and brick kilns and their impacts on air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,19(12),8209-8228. |
MLA | Zhong, Mm,et al."Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): emissions of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide from vehicles and brick kilns and their impacts on air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 19.12(2019):8209-8228. |
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