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We downscale Santa Ana winds (SAWs) from eight global climate models (GCMs) and validate key aspects of their climatology over the historical period. We then assess SAW evolution and behavior through the 21st century, paying special attention to changes in their extreme occurrences. All GCMs project decreases in SAW activity, starting in the early 21st century, which are commensurate with decreases in the southwestward pressure gradient force that drives these winds. The trend is most pronounced in the early and late SAW season: fall and spring. It is mainly determined by changes in the frequency of SAW events, less so by changes in their intensity. The peak of the SAW season (November-December-January) is least affected by anthropogenic climate change in GCM projections.

Plain Language Summary Dry and gusty Santa Ana winds (SAWs) drive the most catastrophic wildfires in Southern California. Their sensitivity to the changing climate has been a matter of uncertainty and debate. We have assessed the response of SAW activity to global warming and describe these results in detail here. The overall decrease in SAW activity robustly projected by downscaled global climate models is strongest in the early and late seasons-fall and spring. SAWs are expected to decrease least at the peak of their season approximately December. Importantly, decreased SAW activity in the future climate is driven mainly by decreased frequency rather than the peak intensity of these winds. These results, together with what we know from recent literature about how precipitation is projected to change in this region, suggest a later wildfire season in the future.