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DOI | 10.5194/acp-17-257-2017 |
Variations in O-3, CO, and CH4 over the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon season: shipborne measurements and model simulations | |
Girach, Imran A.1,2; Ojha, Narendra2; Nair, Prabha R.1; Pozzer, Andrea2; Tiwari, Yogesh K.3; Kumar, K. Ravi4,5; Lelieveld, Jos2 | |
2017-01-05 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 17期号:1 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | India; Germany; Japan |
英文摘要 | We present shipborne measurements of surface ozone (O-3), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4) over the Bay of Bengal (BoB), the first time such measurements have been performed during the summer monsoon season, as a part of the Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) experiment during 2009. O-3, CO, and CH4 mixing ratios exhibited significant spatial and temporal variability in the ranges of 8-54 nmol mol(-1), 50-200 nmol mol(-1), and 1.57-2.15 mu mol mol(-1), with means of 29.7 +/- 6.8 nmol mol(-1), 96 +/- 25 nmol mol(-1), and 1.83 +/- 0.14 mu mol mol(-1), respectively. The average mixing ratios of trace gases over BoB in air masses from central/northern India (O-3: 30 +/- 7 nmol mol(-1); CO: 95 +/- 25 nmol mol(-1); CH4: 1.86 +/- 0.12 mu mol mol(-1)) were not statistically different from those in air masses from southern India (O-3: 27 +/- 5 nmol mol(-1); CO: 101 +/- 27 nmol mol(-1); CH4: 1.72 +/- 0.14 mu mol mol(-1)) . Spatial variability is observed to be most significant for CH4 with higher mixing ratios in the air masses from central/northern India, where higher CH4 levels are seen in the SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY) data. O-3 mixing ratios over the BoB showed large reductions (by similar to 20 nmol mol 1) during four rainfall events. Temporal changes in the meteorological parameters, in conjunction with O3 vertical profile, indicate that these low-O-3 events are associated with downdrafts of free-tropospheric O-3-poor air masses. While the observed variations of O-3 and CO are successfully reproduced using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), this model overestimates mean concentrations by about 6 and 16% for O-3 and CO, respectively, generally overestimating O-3 mixing ratios during the rainfall events. An analysis of modelled O-3 along air mass trajectories show mean en route O-3 production rate of about 4.6 nmol mol 1 day 1 in the outflow towards the BoB. Analysis of the various tendencies from model simulations during an event on 10 August 2009, reproduced by the model, shows horizontal advection rapidly transporting O-3-rich air masses from near the coast across the BoB. This study fills a gap in the availability of trace gas measurements over the BoB and, when combined with data from previous campaigns, reveals large seasonal amplitude (similar to 39 and similar to 207 nmol mol 1 for O-3 and CO, respectively) over the northern BoB. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000392404400001 |
WOS关键词 | BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS ; SURFACE OZONE ; TRACE GASES ; AIR-QUALITY ; SOUTH-ASIA ; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION ; INTEGRATED CAMPAIGN ; FORECASTING-MODEL ; UPPER TROPOSPHERE ; WEATHER RESEARCH |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/16232 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, India; 2.Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; 3.Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; 4.Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan; 5.JAMSTEC, Dept Environm Geochem Cycle Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Girach, Imran A.,Ojha, Narendra,Nair, Prabha R.,et al. Variations in O-3, CO, and CH4 over the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon season: shipborne measurements and model simulations[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2017,17(1). |
APA | Girach, Imran A..,Ojha, Narendra.,Nair, Prabha R..,Pozzer, Andrea.,Tiwari, Yogesh K..,...&Lelieveld, Jos.(2017).Variations in O-3, CO, and CH4 over the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon season: shipborne measurements and model simulations.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,17(1). |
MLA | Girach, Imran A.,et al."Variations in O-3, CO, and CH4 over the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon season: shipborne measurements and model simulations".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 17.1(2017). |
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